정신장애인의 직무특성에 대한정신보건전문가 집단간의 태도 차이
Attitudinal differences among mental health workers toward job characteristics of persons with psychiatric disability
박권생 (계명대학교)
정현희 (계명대학교)
초록
최근 직업재활이 정신보건 영역권내로 들어옴에 따라 그동안 심리검사 및 치료활동에만 종사해온 정신보건인력이 직업재활을 성장시켜야 하는 과제를 안게 되었다. 그러나 전문가측의 치료접근에서 직업재활접근으로의 전향이 원활하지 못함에 따라 재활장면에서는 심리사회적 프로그램 위주의 서비스 편향, 전문가의 주관적 실의 같은 문제들이 불거지고 있다. 게다가 전문가 집단은 교육 및 훈련 배경이나 종사영역에 따라 치료접근과 직업재활접근을 양극으로 하는 연속선상에서 서로 다른 곳에 위치함으로써 여러 직업재활 문제들에서 전문가집단간 태도 차이로 인한 불협화음이 우려되고 있다. 이는 팀 접근이 불가피하고 또 중요한 정신장애인 직업재활에서 궁극적으로 정신장애인 측에 치명적인 손실을 초래할 것이다. 이에 본 연구는 정신보건전문가 집단(간호사, 사회복지사, 임상심리사, 정신과의)이 정신장애인의 직무특성에 대해 실제로 어떠한 태도 차이를 보이는지 검증하였다. 그 결과, 부담 직무와 유사시 편의의 하위 요인에서 전문가 집단에 따라 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 특히 정신장애인의 일 역량에 관한 부담 직무 요인 문항들에서, 간호사 집단은 임상심리사나 정신과의 집단에 비해 적합도를 높게 평가하였고 사회복지사 집단은 임상심리사나 정신과의 집단에 비해 적합도를 높게 평가하였으며 임상심리사와 정신과의 집단, 간호사와 사회복지사 집단은 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이는 치료성향이 강한 정신보건전문가 집단이 정신장애인에 대해 과보호적인 태도를 취한다는 선행연구를 지지하는 결과이다. 그 밖에 연구결과의 제한점과 임상심리 분야에 대한 시사점, 추후연구를 위한 제언이 논의되었다.
- keywords
- mental health workers, attitudinal differences, job characteristics, therapeutic approach, vocational rehabilitation approach, psychiatric disability, 정신보건전문가, 태도 차이, 직무특성, 치료접근, 직업재활접근, 정신장애., mental health workers, attitudinal differences, job characteristics, therapeutic approach, vocational rehabilitation approach, psychiatric disability
Abstract
Since psychiatric vocational rehabilitation was newly incorporated into the field of mental health, its continual growth has been in the hands of mental health workers. However, transition from medical to rehabilitative approaches is not smoothly progressing because most of mental health professionals have devoted themselves only to treatment activities based on medical model. The resultant problems includes the disproportion of psychosocial services to vocational services, demoralization of professionals, and attitudinal differences among mental health workers. Attitudinal differences among team members can have detrimental effects for the vocational success of persons with psychiatric disability, given that team approach is essential in psychiatric vocational rehabilitation. In this context, the authors attempted to determine whether attitudinal differences were present among mental health workers towards the job characteristics of persons with psychiatric disability. The results indicated that their attitudes toward job demand and crisis-relief accommodation varied significantly with professional affiliation but no attitudinal difference in person-to-person supports and consistency of job condition occurred as a function of professional affiliation. Particularly, the consistent pattern of findings over the iterms of job demand was that clinical psychologists and psychiatrists tended to hold more conservative attitudes towards the working of persons with psychiatric disability than mental health nurses and social workers, but attitudes among clinical psychologists and psychiatrists or among mental health nurses and social worker, were almost identical. These findings empirically supported previous reports that strongly treatment-oriented mental health workers tend to be overprotective towards persons with psychiatric disability. Implications, limitations, and considerations for future study were discussed.
- keywords
- mental health workers, attitudinal differences, job characteristics, therapeutic approach, vocational rehabilitation approach, psychiatric disability, 정신보건전문가, 태도 차이, 직무특성, 치료접근, 직업재활접근, 정신장애., mental health workers, attitudinal differences, job characteristics, therapeutic approach, vocational rehabilitation approach, psychiatric disability
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