수면 일주기 리듬의 개인차에 따른 수면습관, 심리적 적응 및 학업수행의 차이: 대학생을 중심으로
The Relation of Circadian Sleep Phase Preference to Sleep Habits, Psychological Adjustment and Academic Performance in College Students
송혜수 (포항공과대학교)
초록
아침/저녁 활동형으로 일컬어지는 수면 일주기리듬의 개인차는 취침-기상주기를 관장할 뿐만 아니라 인간의 인지, 행동, 정서적 차이를 유발할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 대학생을 대상으로 수면 일주기리듬의 개인차에 따른 수면습관 및 적응상의 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 수면 일주기리듬은 Smith, Reilly 및 Midkiff의 아침/저녁 활동형 척도(CSM)로, 수면양상은 피츠버그 수면질문지(PSQI)로, 심리적 적응은 행동건강 질문지-20(BHQ-20), 벡의 우울척도(BDI) 및 대학생활 부적응 척도(Mt)로 측정하였으며, 성적은 학생 개인이 이수한 전체 학점을 평균하여 성적 지표로 삼았다. 아침/저녁 활동형 척도에서 상위, 하위 5%를 각기 아침 활동형과 저녁 활동형 집단으로 규정하고, 수면습관 및 적응 관련 변인에 대해 두 집단 간 차이를 비교하였다. 그 결과 아침 활동형과 저녁 활동형 간에 취침/기상 시각, 잠들기까지 걸리는 시간인 수면 잠재기, 수면의 질, 정신건강 및 성적에서 차이가 났다. 아침 활동형에 비해 저녁 활동형 집단이 더 늦게 자고 늦게 일어날 뿐 아니라 잠드는데 걸리는 시간이 길었으며, 자기보고에 의한 수면의 질이 떨어졌다. 그리고 전반적인 정신건강이 좋지 못하고 성적이 낮았다. 그러나 수면의 양과 우울 점수에서는 차이가 없었다. 이처럼 저녁 활동형에서 나타나는 수면습관의 문제와 심리적 적응 상의 문제 및 성적의 차이는 개인의 생체시계 상에서의 설정된 시간과 사회, 물리적 환경이 요구하는 시간간의 불일치에서 기인하는 것으로 논의하였다.
- keywords
- Academic performance, Biological clock, Circadian sleep phase, Composite Scale of Morningness, Eveningness, Morningness, Sleep habit, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Psychological adjustment, Academic performance, Biological clock, Circadian sleep phase, Composite Scale of Morningness, Eveningness, Morningness, Sleep habit, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Psychological adjustment, 수면 일주기리듬, 아침/저녁 활동형, 적응, 생체시계, 수면습관, 피츠버그 수면질문지, 대학생활 부적응척도, 수면효율성
Abstract
Sleep is one of the major factors affecting psychological adjustment and academic performance in college students. Sleep/wakefulness and other physiological functions such as body temperature, various hormonal levels show periodic fluctuations with a cycle of approximately 24 hours, so called 'circadian rhythms'. And, there are individual differences in the degree of coordination between the circadian sleep rhythm and the environmental clock. This circadian sleep phase preference is usually called "morningness(larks)/eveningness(owls)". The present study explored the relationship between circadian sleep phase preference and psychological/academic adjustment in college students. The 'morning type' group and 'evening type' group were defined by the top 5% and the bottom 5% on the "Composite scale of morningness"(Smith, Reilly & Midkiff, 1989), and the 2 groups were compared on the various adjustment measures of college life. The results showed that the evening type group's bedtime/wake-up time were significantly later than the moring type group's, and sleep latency was longer in the evening group while there was no difference in the sleep length between the two groups. And, the evening group showed impairment on sleep quality(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), psychological adjustment (College Maladjustment Scale, Behavioral Health Questionnaire-20) and also on academic performance (Grade Point Average). The evening group's impairment was discussed in terms of the discrepancies between their circadian clock and social/environmental clock. It seems imperative to give relevant education on sleep hygiene to students from the beginning of college life and helpful personal guidances (such as special program on restructuring sleep habits) to students of extreme 'eveningness'.
- keywords
- Academic performance, Biological clock, Circadian sleep phase, Composite Scale of Morningness, Eveningness, Morningness, Sleep habit, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Psychological adjustment, Academic performance, Biological clock, Circadian sleep phase, Composite Scale of Morningness, Eveningness, Morningness, Sleep habit, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Psychological adjustment, 수면 일주기리듬, 아침/저녁 활동형, 적응, 생체시계, 수면습관, 피츠버그 수면질문지, 대학생활 부적응척도, 수면효율성
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