생활사건 스트레스가 부정적 정서경험에 미치는 영향에서 기질과 대처양식의 역할
The role of temperament and coping style in the process of life event stress affects negative emotional experiences
이훈진 (서울대학교)
초록
생활사건 스트레스가 전반적인 정신건강의 토대가 되는 부정적 정서경험에 미치는 영향에서 기질과 대처양식의 역할을 공분산구조모형을 통하여 종합적으로 검증하였다. 서울 소재대학에서 온라인으로 심리학 과목을 수강하는 299명의 학생들을 대상으로 생활사건 스트레스, 기질, 스트레스 대처양식, 그리고 불안과 우울증상에 관한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 그 결과 생활사건 스트레스가 부정적 정서에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 신경증기질과 대처양식이 순차적으로 매개하며, 생활사건 스트레스로 인한 부정적 정서는 신경증기질에 의해 증폭되고 이는 회피 대처양식에 의해 더욱 악화되거나 문제해결 대처양식을 통해서 경감되는 이중매개모형이 생활사건 스트레스, 기질, 그리고 대처양식이 독립적으로 영향을 미친다고 가정하는 단순효과 모형과 생활사건 스트레스가 부정적 정서에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 기질과 대처양식이 병렬적으로 매개한다고 가정하는 병렬매개모형 등의 대안적 모형에 비해 우수한 모형임이 시사되었다. 이러한 결과들을 바탕으로 상대적으로 개인에게 안정적인 기질과 대처양식이 생활사건 스트레스와 관련된 개인의 정서경험을 조절하는데 유용한 개입변인으로 사용될 가능성과 본 연구의 제한점을 논의하였다.
- keywords
- temperament, coping style, emotional experience, emotional disorder, 생활사건 스트레스, 기질, 대처양식, 정서경험, 정서장애, temperament, coping style, emotional experience, emotional disorder
Abstract
The effects of life event stress, temperament and coping style on negative emotional experiences were analyzed by the method of structural equation modeling. Two hundred and ninety nine students who attended on-line psychology class were surveyed. As a result dual mediating model is approved superior than the other alternative two models. Which means the effect of life event stress on negative emotional experience is mediated by neuroticism and the effect of neuroticism on negative emotional experience is mediated by problem-solving coping style and avoidance coping style. The avoidance coping style aggravating the experience of negative emotion and the problem-solving coping style relieving the experience of negative emotion. Based on these results the possibilities of using the temperament and coping style as a tool of intervention and the limitation of this study were discussed.
- keywords
- temperament, coping style, emotional experience, emotional disorder, 생활사건 스트레스, 기질, 대처양식, 정서경험, 정서장애, temperament, coping style, emotional experience, emotional disorder
참고문헌
김정택, 신동균 (1978). STAI의 표준화에 관한 연구. 최신의학, 21, 70-72.
김정희 (1987). 지각된 스트레스, 인지세트 및 대처방식의 우울에 대한 작용 - 대학 신입생의 스트레스 경험을 중심으로 -. 서울대학교 대학원 박사학위 청구논문.
안신호, 이승혜, 권오식 (1994). 한국어 정서단어의 분석 : 정서단어의 유사성구조와 정서체험의 구조. 한국심리학회지 : 사회, 8, 150-175.
유희정 (1990). 관상동맥성 심장병 환자의 심리적 특성 - 정신병적 경향성과 반응성. 중앙대학교 대학원 박사학위논문.
이순묵 (1990). 공변량구조분석. 서울, 성원사.
이옥주 (2002). 고등학생의 성격특성에 따른 스트레스 대처양식. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 7, 487-501.
이영호 (1993). 귀인양식, 생활사건, 사건귀인 및 무망감과 우울의 관계:공변량 구조모형을 통한 분석. 서울대학교 대학원 박사학위 청구 논문.
이영호, 송종용 (1991). BDI, SDS, MMPI-D 척도의 신뢰도 및 타당도에 대한 연구. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 10, 98-113.
이현수 (1985). 성격차원검사요강(성인용, 청소년용). 서울: 중앙적성출판사.
홍세희 (2000). 구조방정식 모형의 적합도 지수 선정기준과 그 근거. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 19, 161-178.
Achenbach, T. M. (1991). Manual for the child behavior checklist14-18 and the 1991 profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.
American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.), Washington, DC: Author.
Amirkhan J. H., Risinger, R. T., & Swickert, R. J. (1995). Extraversion: a 'hidden' personality factor in coping? Journal of Personality, 63, 189-212.
Angst, J., Vollrath, M., Merikangas, K. R., & Ernst, C. (1990). Comorbidity of anxiety and depression in Zurich Cohort Study of Young Adults. In J. D. Maser & C. R. Cloninger (Eds.), Comorbidity of mood and anxiety disorders (pp. 123-137). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
Barlow, D. H., Allen, L. B., & Choate, M. L. (2004). Toward a unified treatment for emotional disorders. Behavior Therapy, 35, 205-230.
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in a social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
Beck, A., Ward, C., Mendalson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561-571.
Billings A. G., & Moos, R. H. (1984). Coping, stress and social resources among adults with unipolar depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 877-891.
Bolger, N. (1990). Coping as a personality process: a prospective study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 525-537.
Brown, T. A., Campbell, L. A., Lehamn, C. L., Grisham, G. R., & Mancill, R. B. (2001). Current and life-time comorbidity of the DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders in a large clinical sample. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 585-599.
Brown, D. H., Chorpita, B. F., & Barlow, D. H. (1996). Structural relationships among dimensions of the DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders and dimensions of negative affect, positive affect, autonomic arousal. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107, 179-192.
Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Weintraub, J. K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 267-283.
Clark, L. A. (1989). The anxiety and depressive disorders: Descriptive psychopathology and differential diagnosis. In P. C. Kendall & D. Watson (Eds.), Anxiety and depression and overlapping features (pp. 83-129). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1999). Temperament: A new paradigm for trait psychology. In L. A. Pervin & O.P. John (Eds.), Handbook of personality (pp. 399-423). New York: Guildford.
Compas, B. E. (1987). Coping with stress during childhood and adolescence. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 393-403.
Costa, P. T., Somerfield, M. R., & McCrae, R. R. (1996). Personality and coping. In M. Zeidner, & N.S. Endler (Eds.), Handbook of coping: theory, research, applications (pp. 44-61). New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Digman, J. M. (1994). Child personality and temperament: Does the five-factor model embrace both domains? In C. F. Halverson, G. A. Kohnstamm, & R. P. Martin (Eds.), The developing structure of temperament and personality from infancy to adulthood (pp. 323-338). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Endler, N. S., & Parker, J. D. A. (1990). Multidimensional Assessment of coping: A Critical Evaluation. Journal of Personality and Scoal Psychology, 58, 844-854.
Epstein, S., & Meier P. (1989). Constructive Thinking: A Broad coping variable with specific components. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 332-350.
Eysenck, H. J., & Eysenck, M. W. (1985). Personality and individual differences: A natural science approach. New York: Plenum
Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R .S. (1988). Manual for the Ways of Coping Questionnaire. Palo alto: Consulting Psychologist Press.
Gamez, W., Watson, D., Doebbeling, B. N. (2004). Abnormal personality and the mood and anxiety disorders: Implications for structural models of anxiety and depression. Manuscripts submitted for publication.
Gomez, R. (1988). Locus of control and avoidance coping: Direct, interactional and mediating effects on maladjustment in adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 24, 323-334.
Gomez, R., & McLaren, S. (2006). The association of avoidance coping style, and perceived mother and father support with anxiety/depression among late adolescents: Applicability of resiliency models. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 1165-1176.
Herman-Stahl, M. A., Stemmler, M., & Peterson A. C. (1995). Approach and avoidance coping: implications for adolescent mental health. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 24, 649-665.
Hewitt, P., & Flett, G. L. (1996). Personality traits and the coping process. In M. Zeidner & N. S. Endler (Eds.), Handbook of coping: theory, research, applications (pp. 410-433). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Holmbeck, G. N. (1997). Toward terminological, conceptual, and statistical clarity in the study of mediators and moderators: Examples from the child-clinical and pediatric psycjology literatures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 599-610.
Ingram, R. E., Miranda, J., & Segal, Z. Y. (1998). Cognitive vulnerability to depression. Guilford, New York.
James, L. R.., & Brett, J. M. (1984). Mediators, moderators, and tests for mediation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69, 307-321.
Jorgensen, R. S., & Dusek, J. B. (1990). Adolescent adjustment and coping strategies. Journal of Personality, 58, 504-513.
Kasvec, M. J., & Seiffge-Krenke, I. (1996). The differentiation of coping traits in adolescence. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 19, 651-668.
Kessler, R. C., Nelson, C. B., McGonagle, K. A., Liu, J., Swartz, M., & Blazer, D. G. (1996). Comorbidity of DSM-III-R major depressive disorder in the general population: Results from the US National Comorbidity Survey. British Journal of Psychiatry, 168(Suppl. 30), 17-30.
Kessler, R., C., Price, R., H., & Wortman, C. B. (1985). Social factors in psychopathology: Stress, social support, and coping process. Annual Review of Psychology, 36, 531-572.
Kobasa, S., C., Maddi, S., R., & Khan, S. (1982). Hardiness and health: A prospective syudy. Journal of Personality and Social psychology, 42, 168-172.
Lilienfeld, S. O., Waldman, I. D., & Israel, A. C. (1994). Critical examination of the term and concept of comorbidity in psychopathology research. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 1, 71-83.
MacKinnon, D., P., & Dwyer, J. H. (1993). Estimating mediated effects in prevention studies. Evaluation Review, 17, 144-158.
Magee, W. J., Eaton, W. W., Wittchen, H-U., McGonagle, K. A., & Kessler, R. C. (1996) Agoraphobia, simple phobia, and social phobia in the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 53, 159-168.
Martin, P. (1989). Personality and coping in survivors of myocardial infarction. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 4, 587-601.
McCrae, R., & Costa, P. (1986). Personality, coping and coping effectiveness in an adult sample. Journal of Personality, 54, 385-405.
McLaren, S., & Crowe, S., F. (2002). The contribution of perceived control of stressful life event and thought supression to the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder in both non-clinical and clinical samples. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 429, 1-15.
Mineka, S., Watson, D., & Clark, L.A. (1998). Comorbidity of anxiety and unipolar mood disorders. Annual Review of Psychology, 49, 377-412.
Mulaik, S. A., James, I. R., Alstine, J., V., Bennett, N., Lind, S., & Stilwell, C. D. (1989). Evaluation of goodness of fit index for structural equation models. Psychological Bulletin, 195, 430-445.
Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1987). Sex differences in unipolar depression: Evidence and theory. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 259-282.
Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1990). Sex differences in depression. Stanford, CA:Stanford University Press.
Parkes, K. (1986). Coping in stressful episodes: The role of individual differences, environmental factors and situational characteristics. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1277-1292.
Rim, Y. (1987). A comparative study of two taxonomies of coping styles, personality and sex. Personality and Individual Differences, 8, 521-526.
Sarason, L.G., Johnson, J. H. (1978). Assessing the impact of life changes: Development of the life experiences survey. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46, 932-946.
Seiffge-Krenke, I. (1992). Coping behavior of Finish adolescents: remarks on a cross-cultural comparisons. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 33, 301-314.
Seiffge-Krenke, I., & Klessinger, N. (2000). Long-term effects of avoidance coping on adolescents' depressive symptoms. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 29, 617-630.
Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R., & Lushene, R. (1970). The state-trait anxiety inventory(STAI) test manual. Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Vollrath, M., Torgersen, S., & Alnaes, R. (1995). Personality as a long-term predictor of coping. Personality and Individual Differences, 18, 117-125.
Watson, D., Gamez, W., & Simms, L. J. (2005). Basic dimensions of temperament and their relation to anxiety and depression: A symptom-based perspective. Journal of Research in Personality, 39, 46-66.
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1984). Negative affectivity-the disposition to experience aversive emotion states. Psychological Bulletin 96, 465-490.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Carey, G. (1988). Positive and negative affectivity and their relation to anxiety and depressive disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97, 346-353.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Harkness, A. R. (1994). Structures of personality and their relevance to psychopathology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 18-31.
- 다운로드 수
- 조회수
- 0KCI 피인용수
- 0WOS 피인용수