The Korean Journal of Health Psychology
- KOREAN
- P-ISSN1229-070X
- E-ISSN2713-9581
- KCI
A Relationship of Personality and Hypochondriacal Illness Attitudes
Abstract
Hypochondriasis is defined as a preoccupation with fears of having, or the idea that one has, a serious disease based on a misinterpretation of one or more bodily signs or symptoms. It is well known that one's distorted attitudes and beliefs about illness are essential features in developing hypochondriasis. The objectives of this study were to examine a relationship of hypochondriacal illness attitudes, Preoccupation to Illness and Concern to Health, in connection to Five-Factor Personality Model and Anxiety Sensitivity. And this study was to find out the most predictive personality factor in explaining hypochondriacal illness attitudes among Korean non-clinical sample. 607 undergraduates completed the NEO-PI-R(Costa & McCrae, 1992), the Anxiety Sensitivity Index- Revised(Taylor1998), and Illness Attitudes Scale(Kellner, 1986). The results also suggest that previously observed positive associations between Neuroticism and Anxiety Sensitivity, and hypochondriacal illness attitudes, and negative associations between Extraversion, Agreeableness and hypochondriacal illness attitudes. Anxiety Sensitivity was a most significant predictor of general hypochondriacal concerns, and especially of Preoccupations to Illness, that is the higher order factor of the IAS. The results of this study strongly suggest hypochondriasis lies on a continuum and represents an individual difference variable, such as personality factors.
- keywords
- 5요인 성격, 불안민감성, 질병태도, 질병에 대한 집착, 건강에 대한 관심, 건강염려증, 5 factor model of personality, anxiety sensitivity, illness attitudes, preoccupation to illness, concern to health, hypochondriasis, 5 factor model of personality, anxiety sensitivity, illness attitudes, preoccupation to illness, concern to health, hypochondriasis
Reference
강길태 (2006). 불안민감성과 공황에 대한 스트레스의 중재효과 및 공황에 따른 스트레스 대처방식. 경상대학교 대학원 심리학과 석사학위논문.
김지혜, 유범희, 오강섭, 김율리, 이소영, 임영진 (2004). 한국어 확장판 불안민감성 지수의 타당화 연 구. 신경정신의학, 43, 54-61.
신현균 (2000). 신체형장애. 이상심리학 시리즈 1. 학지사.
윤현정, 이인혜 (2006). 불안민감성과 대처 전략이 통증지각 및 전기피부반응에 미치는 효과. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 11(4), 797-815.
이인혜 (2000a). 잘뵹태도 척도의 요인구조: 대학생을 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 9(1), 203-218.
이인혜 (2000b). 비임상 표본에서 불안과 인지편향이 건강염려증에 미치는 효과: 질병태도와 동통지각을 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 9(3), 665-692.
임영진, 이소영, 김지혜 (2005). 불안민감도와 특질불안의 차별성과 공통성: 부적 정서, 정적 정서, 생리적 과각성 간의 관계. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 24(2), 439-449.
이효윤 (2008). 불안민감성의 유전적 영향력에 관한 연구: 성인 쌍둥이 및 쌍둥이 가족을 대상으로. 강원대학교 대학원 심리학과 석사학위논문.
황성훈, 이수현, 이훈진 (2006). 불안민감성에 대한 이요인 이론의 제안과 타당화: 공황장애 집단과 신체형 장애 집단을 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 25(3), 781-797.
American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition(DSM-IV). American Psychiatric Association, Washington, D.C.
Asmundson, G. J. G. (1999). Anxiety sensitivity and chronic pain: empirical findings, clinical implications, and future direction. In S. Taylor (Ed.), Anxiety sensitivity: theory, research and treatment of the fear of anxiety. pp.269-285, New Jersey; Erlbaum.
Asmundson, G. J. G., & Norton, G. R. (1995). Anxiety sensitivity in patients with physically unexplained chronic back pain: a preliminary report. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33,771-777.
Asmundson, G. J. G., & Taylor, S. (1996). Role of anxiety sensitivity in pain-related fear and avoidance. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 19, 577-586.
Asmundson, G. J. G., Taylor, S., Sevgur, S., & Cox, B. J. (2001). Health anxiety: classification and clinical features. In G.J.G. Asmundson, S. Taylor, B.J. Cox (Eds.), Health anxiety: clinical and researchperspectives on hypochondriasis and related conditions, pp.3-21, Chichester; John Wiely & Sons.
Barsky, A., Fama, J. M., Bailey, E. D., & Ahern, D. K. (1998). A prospective 4- to 5- year study of DSM-III-R hypochondriasis. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, 737-744.
Barsky, A., Wyshak, G., & Klerman, G. (1986). Hypochondriasis. Archives of General Psychiatry, 43, 493-500.
Booth-Kewley, S., & Vickers, R. R. (1994). Associations between major domains of personality andhealth behavior. Journal of Personality, 62, 281-298.
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1985). Hypochondriasis, neuroticism, and aging: When are somatic complaints unfounded? American Psychologist, 40, 19-28.
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory(NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory(NEO-FFI) Professional Manual. Odessa, FL.; Psychological Assessment Resources.
Cox, B. J. (1999). The role of anxiety sensitivity in panic and other disorder. 〔Summary〕In:Program Abstracts of the 19th National Conference of the Anxiety Disorders Association of America, p.86.
Cox, B. J., Borger, S. C., Asmundson, G. J. G., & Taylor, S. (2000). Dimensions of hypochondriasis and the five-factor model of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 29(1), 99-108.
Cox, B. J., Borger, S. C., Gorden, J. G., Asmundson, G. J. G., & Taylor, S. (2000). Dimensions ofhypochondriasis and the Five-Factor Model of Personality. Personality and IndividualDifferences, 29(1), 99-108.
Fava, G., Kellner, R., Zielezny, M., & Grandi, S. (1988). Hypochondriacal fears and beliefs in agoraphobia.Journal of Affective Disorders, 14, 239-244.
Feldman, P. I., Cohen, S., Doyle, W. J., Skoner, D. P., & Gwaltney, J. M., Jr. (1999). The impact of personality on the reporting of unfounded symptoms and illness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 370-378.
Ferguson, E., & Daniel, E. (1995). The Illness Attitudes Scale(IAS): a psychometric evaluation ona nonclinical population. Personality and Individual Differences, 18, 463-469.
Fiske, D. W. (1949). Consistency of the factorial structures of personality ratings from different sources. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 44, 329-344.
Goldberg, L. R. (1981). Language and individual differences: The search for universals inpersonality lexicons. In L. Wheeler (Ed.), Review of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 2,pp. 141-165, Beverly Hills, CA.; Sage Publications.
Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (1998). Factor analytic investigation of the Illness Attitudes Scale in chronic pain sample. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 1185-1195.
Hazen, A. L., Walker, J. R., & Eldridge, G. D. (1996). Anxiety sensitivity and treatment outcome in panic disorder. Anxiety, 2, 34-39.
John, O. P. (1990). The "Big Five" factor taxonomy; Dimensions of personality in natural languageand in questionnaires. In L.A. Pervin (Ed.), Handbook of personality, pp. 66-100, New York; Guilford Press.
Kellner, R. (1986). Somatization and Hypochondriasis. New York: Praeger Publishers.
Kellner, R. (1987). Hypochondriasis and somatization. Journal of the American Medical Association, 258,2718-2722.
Kellner, R., Fava, G. A., Lisansky, J., Perini, G. I., & Zielezny, M. (1986). Hypochondriacal fears andbeliefs in DSM-III melancholia. Journal of Affective Disorders, 10(1), 21-26.
Kellner, R., Hernandes, J., & Pathak, D. (1992). Hypochondriacal fears and beliefs, anxiety, and somatization. British Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 525-532.
Kirmayer, L. J., Robbins, J. M., & Paris, J. (1994). Somatoform disorders: personality and the socialmatrix of somatic distress. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 125-136.
Mabe, P. A., Rliey, W. T., Jones, L. R., & Hobson, D. P. (1996). The medical context of hypochondriacal traits. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 26, 443-459.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T., Jr. (1990). Conceptions and correlates of openness to experience. In S. R. Briggs, W. H. Jones, & R. Hogan (Eds.), Handbook of personality psychology, New York; Academic Press.
McNally, R. M. (1994). Panic disorder: a critical analysis. New York; Guilford Press.
Millon, T. (1982). On the nature of clinical health psychology. In T. Millon, C. Green, & R. Meabhe (Eds.), Handbook of Clinical Health Psychology, pp.1-27. New York; Plenum Press.
Morey, L. (1991). Personality Assessment Inventory: professional manual. Odessa, FL; PsychologicalAssessment Resources.
Norman, W. T. (1963). Toward an sdequate taxonomy of personality attributes; Replicated factor structure.Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66, 574-583.
Noyes, R. (2001). Epidemiology of hypochondriasis. In Starcevic V., & Lipsitt, D.R. (Eds.), Hypochondriasis: modern perspectives on an ancient malady. pp.127-154, New York, NY: Oxford Univ. Press.
Otto, M. W., Demopulos, C. M., McLean, N. E., Pollack, M. H., & Fava, M. (1998). Additional findings on theassociation between anxiety sensitivity and hypochondriacal concern: examination of patients with major depression. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 12, 225-232.
Otto, M. W., Pollack, M. H., Sachs, G. S., & Rosenbaum, J. F. (1992). Hypochondriacal concerns, anxietysensitivity, and panic disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 6, 93-104.
Raffi, A. R., Savron, G., Rafanelli, C., Conti, S., Grandi, S., & Fava, G. A. (1996). Hypochondiacal fears and beliefs in obsessive-compulsive disorder. European Psychiatry, 11(4), 374s.
Reiss, S., & McNally, R. J. (1985). The expectancy model of fear. In S. Reiss & R. R. Bootzin (Eds.), Theoretical issues in behavior Therapy, pp.107-121. San Diego, CA: Academic.
Reiss, S. (1991). Expectancy theory of fear, anxiety, and panic. Clinical Psychology Review, 11, 141-153.
Reiss, S. (1997). Trait Anxiety: it's not what you think it is. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 11, 201.-204.
Reiss, S., Peterson, M. L., Gursky, D. M. & McNally, R. J. (1986). Anxiety sensitivity, anxiety frequency and the prediction of fearfulness. Behavior Research and Therapy, 24, 1-8.
Speckens, A. E., Spinhoven, P., Sloekers, P. P. A., Bolk, J. H., van Hemert, A. M. (1996). A validationstudy of the Whitley Index, the Illness Attitudes Scales and the Somatosensory Amplification Scale in general medical and general practice patients. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 40,95-104.
Speckens, A. E., van Hemert, A. M., Spinhoven, P., & Bolk J. H. (1996). The diagnostic and prognostic significance of the Whitely Index, the Illness Attitudes Scale and theSomatosensory Amplification Scale. Psychological Medicine, 26, 1085-1090.
Starcevic, V. (1990). Role of reassurance and psychopathology in hypochondriasis. Psychiatry, 53, 383-395.
Starcevic, V., Kellner, R., Uhlenhuth, E. H., & Pathak, D. (1992). Panic disorder and hypochondriacal fears and beliefs. Journal of Affective Disorders, 24(2), 73-85.
Stewart, S. H., Taylor, S., & Baker, J. M. (1997). Gender differences in dimensions of anxiety sensitivity. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 11, 179-200.
Stewart, S. H., Conrod, P. J., Gignac, M. L., & Pihl, R. O. (1998). Selective processing biases in anxiety-sensitive men and women. Cognition and Emotion, 12, 105-133.
Stewart, S. H., Watt, M. C. (2000). Illness Attitudes Scale dimensions and their associations with anxiety-related constructs in a non-clinical sample. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38,83-99.
Taylor, S., & Cox, B. J. (1998). An Expanded Anxiety Sensitivity Index: Evidence for a hierarchicstructure in a clinical sample. Journal of Anxiety Disorder, 12, 463-483.
Watson, D., & Pennebaker, J. (1989). Health complaints, stress, and distress: Exploring the centralrole of negative affectivity. Psychological Review, 96, 234-254.
Watt, M. C., & Stewart, S. H. (2000). Anxiety sensitivity: mediates the relationships between childhood learning experiences and elevated hypochondriacal concerns in young adulthood.Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 49(2), 107-118.
- Downloaded
- Viewed
- 0KCI Citations
- 0WOS Citations