In the past more than three decades, behavioral intervention(eg, relaxation training, biofeedback, cognitive-behavior therapy, or stress-management training) has been necessarily essential tool for recurrent headache management. Meta-analytic literature reviews of behavioral interventions have consistently shown EMG biofeedback treatment to be evidence-based and standard approaches for tension-type headache. Nevertheless, much remains to be learned about the behavioral factors influencing tension-type headache and behavioral approaches to tension-type headache intervention. In this article, mechanisms of tension-type headache cause and EMG biofeedback treatment efficacy, guidelines for trials of EMG biofeedback treatment, and future directions in behavioral headache research were reviewed.
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