외향성과 신경증이 정서적 소진에 미치는 영향: 스트레스 대처방식의 매개효과를 중심으로
The Effect of Extraversion and Neuroticism on Emotional Exhaustion : Mediating Effect of Coping Strategies
신강현 (아주대학교)
이철희 (아주대학교)
이종현 (아주대학교)
- 다운로드 수
- 조회수
초록
본 연구의 목적은 성격변인과 스트레스 대처방식의 관계 그리고 결과적으로 이들이 정서적 소진에 미치는 영향관계를 검증하기위해 실시되었다. 성격과 대처가 스트레스에 영향을 미칠 수 있다고 제안한 Bolger와 Zuckerman(1995)의 이론적 틀에 근거하여, 성격변인으로는 성격 5요인 중 정서적 소진과 관계가 입증된 외향성과 신경증을 투입하였고, 대처방식으로는 직무중심 대처와 정서중심 대처를 투입하여 대처방식의 매개효과를 검증하였다. 연구결과 외향성은 직무중심 대처를통해 정서적 소진에 부적인 영향을 미치고 있었으며(간접매개), 신경증은 정서중심 대처를 통해정서적 소진에 정적인 영향(간접매개)을 미침과 동시에 직무중심 대처를 통해서도 정서적 소진에정적인 영향을 미치고 있었다(간접매개). 성격변인 중 외향성에 비해 신경증이 정서적 소진에 큰영향을 미치고 있었으며, 직무중심 대처에 비해 정서중심 대처가 정서적 소진에 큰 영향을 미치고 있었다. 마지막으로 연구의 의의와 제한점 및 추후 연구를 위한 제안을 언급하였다.
- keywords
- extraversion, neuroticism, job-focused coping strategy, emotion-focused coping strategy, 외향성, 신경증, 직무중심 대처, 정서중심 대처, 정서적 소진
Abstract
This study was intended to examine the relationship between personality and coping strategies, and the influence of these personality and coping strategies on emotional exhaustion. Personality as antecedent was composed of extraversion and neuroticism, coping strategies as mediator were job-focused and emotion-focused coping strategy, and emotional exhaustion as outcome was sub-factor of burnout. The main results were as follows. First,job-focused coping strategy mediated between extraversion and emotional exhaustion and between neuroticism and emotional exhaustion. Second, emotion-focused coping strategy mediated between neuroticism and emotional exhaustion. We found the influence of neuroticism was stronger than extraversion on emotional exhaustion, and emotion-focused coping was stronger than job-focused coping on emotional exhaustion. This finding supported Bolger and Zuckerman's framework(1995) that personality and coping may influence on stress. Finally, the implications and limitations were discussed.
- keywords
- extraversion, neuroticism, job-focused coping strategy, emotion-focused coping strategy, 외향성, 신경증, 직무중심 대처, 정서중심 대처, 정서적 소진
참고문헌
Alarcon, G., Eschleman, K. J., & Bowling, N. A. (2009). Relationships between personality variables and burnout: A meta-analysis. Work and Stress, 23(3), 244-263.
Allen, J., & Mellor, D. (2002). Work context, personal control, and burnout amongst nurses. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 24(8), 905-917.
Appley, M. H., & Trumbull, R. (1986). Dynamics of Stress: Physiological, Psychological and Social Perspectives.
Baba, V., Jamal, M., & Tourigny, L. (1998). Work and mental health: A decade in Canadian research. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne, 39(1-2), 94-107.
Babakus, E., Cravens, D. W., Grant, K., Ingram, T. N., & LaForge, R. W. (1996). Investigating the relationships among sales, management control, sales territory design, salesperson performance, and sales organization effectiveness. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 13(4), 345-363.
Barrick, M., & Mount, M. (1991). The Big Five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44(1),1-26.
Barrick, M. R., & Mount, M. K. (1993). Autonomy as a Moderator of the Relationships Between the Big Five Personality Dimensions and Job Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78(1), 111-118.
Boles, J. S., Johnston, M. W., & Hair Jr, J. F. (1997). Role stress, work-family conflict and emotional exhaustion: Inter-relationships and effects on some work-related consequences. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 17(1), 17-28.
Bolger, N. (1990). Coping as a Personality Process: A Prospective Study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(3), 525-537.
Bolger, N., & Zuckerman, A. (1995). A framework for studying personality in the stress process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(5), 890-902.
Carver, C., Pozo, C., Harris, S., Noriega, V., Scheier, M., & Robinson, D. (1993). How coping mediates the effect of optimism on distress: A study of women with early stage breast cancer. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(2), 375-390.
Carver, C. S., & Connor-Smith, J. (2010). Personality and coping. Annual review of psychology, 61, 679-704.
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2008). Perspectives on Personality, Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon .6th ed.
Chen, P. Y., & Spector, P. E. (1991). Negative Affectivity as the Underlying Cause of Correlations Between Stressors and Strains. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76(3), 398-407.
Connor-Smith, J. K., & Flachsbart, C. (2007). Relations Between Personality and Coping: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(6), 1080-1107.
Cordes, C. L., & Dougherty, T. W. (1993). A review and an integration of research on job burnout. Academy of Management Review, 18(4), 621-656.
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1980). Influence of extraversion and neuroticism on subjective well-being: Happy and unhappy people. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38(4), 668-678.
Cudeck, R., & Browne, M. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Testing structural equation models, 1-9.
De Vries, J., & Van Heck, G. L. (2002). Fatigue: Relationships with basic personality and temperament dimensions. Personality and Individual Differences, 33(8), 1311-1324.
Endler, N. S., & Parker, J. D. A. (1990). Multidimensional Assessment of Coping: A Critical Evaluation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(5), 844-854.
Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. (1985). If it changes it must be a process: Study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48(1), 150-170.
Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. (1988). Coping as a mediator of emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(3), 466-475.
Gaines, J., & Jermier, J. M. (1983). Emotional exhaustion in a high stress organization. Academy of Management Journal, 26(4), 567-586.
Gallagher, D. (1990). Extraversion, neuroticism and appraisal of stressful academic events. Personality and Individual Differences, 11(10), 1053-1057.
Glanz, K., Rimer, B., & Lewis, F. (2002). The scope of health behavior and health education. Health behavior and health education: Theory, research, and practice, 3-21.
Goddard, R., Patton, W., & Creed, P. (2004). The Importance and Place of Neuroticism in Predicting Burnout in Employment Service Case Managers. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34(2), 282-296.
Goldberg, L. R. (2001). International Personality Item Pool, Web address can be obtained from others.
Gomez, R., Holmberg, K., Bounds, J., Fullarton, C., & Gomez, A. (1999). Neuroticism and extraversion as predictors of coping styles during early adolescence. Personality and Individual Differences, 27(1), 3-17.
Gray, J. A. (1990). Brain systems that mediate both emotion and cognition. Cognition and Emotion, 4, 269-288.
Gray, J. A. (1994). Personality dimensions and emotion systems. The Nature of Emotion: Fundamental Questions, 329-331.
Hauner, K. K. Y., Adam, E. K., Mineka, S., Doane, L. D., DeSantis, A. S., Zinbarg, R., Craske, M., & Griffith, J. W. (2008). Neuroticism and introversion are associated with salivary cortisol patterns in adolescents. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 33(10), 1344-1356.
Hochwalder, J. (2006). An empirical exploration of the effect of personality on general and job-related mental ill health. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 34(9), 1051-1070.
Holahan, C., & Moos, R. (1990). Life stressors, resistance factors, and improved psychological functioning: An extension of the stress resistance paradigm. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(5), 909-917.
Hooker, K., Frazier, L. D., & Monahan, D. J. (1994). Personality and coping among caregivers of spouses with dementia. Gerontologist, 34(3), 386-392.
Hoyle, E., & John, P. (1995). Professional knowledge and professional practice: Continuum Intl Pub Group.
Jackson, S., Schwab, R., & Schuler, R. (1986). Toward an understanding of the burnout phenomenon. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(4), 630-640.
Jex, S. M., & Spector, P. E. (1996). The impact of negative affectivity on stressor-strain relations: A replication and extension. Work and Stress, 10(1), 36-45.
John, O. P. (1989). Towards a taxonomy of personality descriptors. Personality Psychology: Recent Trends and Emerging Directions, 261-271.
Joreskog, K., & Sorbom, D. (1986). LISREL VI, analysis of linear structural relationships by maximumlikelihood, instrumental variables, and least squares methods: Scientific Software.
Judge, T., Heller, D., & Mount, M. (2002). Five-factor model of personality and job satisfaction: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(3), 530-541.
Judge, T. A., & Larsen, R. J. (2001). Dispositional affect and job satisfaction: A review and theoretical extension. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 86(1), 67-98.
Larsen, R. J., & Ketelaar, T. (1991). Personality and Susceptibility to Positive and Negative Emotional States. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(1), 132-140.
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal, and Coping.
LeBlanc, J., & Ducharme, M. B. (2005). Influence of personality traits on plasma levels of cortisol and cholesterol. Physiology and Behavior, 84(5),677-680.
Lee, R. T., & Ashforth, B. E. (1993). A Longitudinal Study of Burnout among Supervisors and Managers: Comparisons between the Leiter and Maslach (1988) and Golembiewski et al. (1986) Models. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 54(3), 369-398.
Leiter, M. (1991). Coping patterns as predictors of burnout: The function of control and escapist coping patterns. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 12(2), 123-144.
Leiter, M. P. (1993). Burnout as a developmental process: Consideration of models. Professional Burnout: Recent Developments in Theory and Research, 237-250.
Loerbroks, A., Apfelbacher, C. J., Thayer, J. F., Debling, D., & Sturmer, T. (2009). Neuroticism, extraversion, stressful life events and asthma:A cohort study of middle-aged adults. Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 64(10), 1444-1450.
Marsh, H. W., Balla, J. R., & Hau, K. T. (1996). An Evaluation of Incremental Fit Indices: A Clarification of Mathematical and Empirical Properties. Advances Structural Equation Modeling: Issues and Techniques, 315-353.
Maslach, C. (1982). Understanding burnout: Definitional issues in analyzing a complex phenomenon. Job Stress and Burnout, 29-40.
Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of occupational behaviour, 2(2), 99-113.
Maslach, C., Jackson, S., & Leiter, M. (1996). Maslach burnout inventory manual.
Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Occupational Behavior, 2, 99-113.
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Vol .52 (pp.397-422).
Matthews, G., & Gilliland, K. (1999). The personality theories of H. J. Eysenck and J. A. Gray: A comparative review. Personality and Individual Differences, 26(4), 583-626.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa Jr, P. T. (1987). Validation of the Five-Factor Model of Personality Across Instruments and Observers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(1), 81-90.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1986). Personality, coping, and coping effectiveness in an adult sample. Journal of personality, 54, 385-405.
McCrae, R. R., & John, O. P. (1992). An introduction to the five-factor model and its applications. Journal of personality, 60(2), 175-215.
Mills, L., & Huebner, E. (1998). A prospective study of personality characteristics, occupational stressors, and burnout among school psychology practitioners. Journal of School psychology, 36(1), 103-120.
Mount, M. K., Barrick, M. R., & Stewart, G. L. (1998). Five-factor model of personality and performance in jobs involving interpersonal interactions. Human Performance, 11(2-3), 145-165.
Nonis, S., & Sager, J. (2003). Coping strategy profiles used by salespeople: Their relationships with personal characteristics and work outcomes. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 23(2), 139-150.
O'Brien, T. B., & DeLongis, A. (1996). The Interactional Context of Problem-, Emotion-, and Relationship-Focused Coping: The Role of the Big Five Personality Factors. Journal of personality, 64(4), 775-813.
Parker, P., & Kulik, J. (1995). Burnout, self-and supervisor-rated job performance, and absenteeism among nurses. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 18(6), 581-599.
Piedmont, R. L. (1993). A longitudinal analysis of burnout in the health care setting: the role of personal dispositions. Journal of Personality Assessment, 61(3), 457-473.
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879-891.
Rusting, C. L., & Larsen, R. J. (1997). Extraversion, neuroticism, and susceptibility to positive and negative affect: A test of two theoretical models. Personality and Individual Differences, 22(5), 607-612.
Schaufeli, W., & Bakker, A. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi-sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 293-315.
Scheier, M. F., Matthews, K. A., Owens, J. F., Magovern Sr, G. J., Lefebvre, R. C., & Abbott, R. A. (1989). Dispositional optimism and recovery from coronary artery bypass surgery: the beneficial effects on physical and psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6),1024-1040.
Selye, H. (1950). The Physiology and Pathology of Exposure to Stress.
Selye, H. (1956). Annual Report of Stress.
Stanton, A., & Snider, P. (1993). Coping with a breast cancer diagnosis: A prospective study. Health Psychology, 12(1), 16-23.
Swickert, R. J., Rosentreter, C. J., Hittner, J. B., & Mushrush, J. E. (2002). Extraversion, social support processes, and stress. Personality and Individual Differences, 32(5), 77-891.
Tokar, D. M., Fischer, A. R., & Mezydlo Subich, L. (1998). Personality and Vocational Behavior: A Selective Review of the Literature, 1993-1997. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 53(2), 115-153.
Watson, D., Clark, L., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063-1070.
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1997). Extraversion and its positive emotional core. Handbook of Personality Psychology, 767-793.
Watson, D., & Hubbard, B. (1996). Adaptational Style and Dispositional Structure: Coping in the Context of the Five-Factor Model. Journal of personality, 64(4), 736-774.
Wright, T. A., & Cropanzano, R. (1998). Emotional exhaustion as a predictor of job performance and voluntary turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(3), 486-493.
Zellars, K. L., Perrewé, P. L., & Hochwarter, W. A. (2000). Burnout in health care: The role of the five factors of personality. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30(8), 1570-1598.
- 다운로드 수
- 조회수
- 0KCI 피인용수
- 0WOS 피인용수