바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

The Korean Journal of Health Psychology

  • KOREAN
  • P-ISSN1229-070X
  • E-ISSN2713-9581
  • KCI

Exploration of a Structural Relationship between Forgiveness and Subjective Well-being among Korean Adults:Mediating Effect of Interpersonal Trust

The Korean Journal of Health Psychology / The Korean Journal of Health Psychology, (P)1229-070X; (E)2713-9581
2012, v.17 no.2, pp.415-432
https://doi.org/10.17315/kjhp.2012.17.2.009

Abstract

Forgiveness is a coping strategy to improve psychological health as well as to enhance interpersonal relationships by positively resolving a variety of hurts and conflicts in everyday life. The current study is aimed to explore the impact of forgiveness and interpersonal trust on the subjective well-being. To pursue this goal, Korean adults between the ages of 25-64 participated in the current study. They were interviewed face-to-face to obtain information on forgiveness, interpersonal trust, and subjective well-being. The forgiveness levels among Korean adults are not associated with gender, educational level, or family income. The longer the period of the past hurt, the lower the forgiveness level. Male adults nominated employers/employees/coworkers as offenders, whereas female adults nominated relatives or neighbors. Forgiveness is positively related to the subjective well-being. This subjective well-being is significantly explained by health, interpersonal trust, and forgiveness. The relationship between forgiveness and the subjective well-being is completely mediated by an interpersonal trust. A psychological education on forgiveness education should be developed and utilized for adults in need of help.

keywords
용서, 주관적 안녕감, 대인관계 신뢰, 매개효과, forgiveness, subjective well-being, interpersonal trust, mediation effect

Reference

1.

구세준, 배성만, 현명호 (2011). 스트레스, 대처 전략 및용서가 화병 증상에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 16(4), 691-707

2.

구재선, 서은국 (2011). 한국인, 누가 언제 행복한가? 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 25(2), 143-166

3.

김광수 (2002). 용서프로그램이 대인관계 상처경험자의자존감, 불안, 분노에 미치는 영향. 청소년상담연구, 10, 165-191.

4.

김광수 (2004). 경험과학적 용서연구의 반성적 고찰과제언. 교육심리연구, 18(4), 33-49.

5.

김광수, 김경집 (2007). 용서상담 프로그램이 초등학생의 용서수준과 공감능력에 미치는 영향. 아시아교육연구, 8(4), 87-109

6.

김기범, 임효진 (2006). 대인관계용서의 심리적 과정탐색: 공감과 사과가 용서에 미치는 영향분석.한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 20(2), 19-33

7.

김지영, 권석만 (2009). 용서특질척도의 개발 및 타당화.한국심리학회지: 일반, 28(1), 239-261,

8.

김현주, 안현의 (2011). 공감능력과 결혼만족도의 관계에서 용서의 매개효과. 한국심리학회지: 상담및 심리치료, 23(1), 157-174.

9.

김희영, 김정희, 이연숙 (2004). 용서프로그램이 대학생의 용서 정도와 분노, 불안 및 우울에 미치는영향: 분산형 집단상담과 집중형 집단상담의비교. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 16(3),347-366.

10.

라영선, 현명호, 차성이, 윤선영 (2010). 아동기 어머니의 정서적 학대와 복합 외상후 스트레스 증상및 용서의 관계. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 29(1),21-34.

11.

박양리, 현명호 (2012). 용서치료 프로그램이 성인아이의 부정적 정서 및 주관적 안녕감에 미치는 영향. 청소년학연구, 19(2), 275-297

12.

박종효 (2003). 용서와 건강의 관련성 탐색. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 8, 301-321.

13.

박종효 (2006a). 용서심리이론과 교육프로그램에 관한개관연구. 인간발달연구, 13, 117-134.

14.

박종효 (2006b). Enright 용서심리검사(EFI-K)의 타당화 연구. 교육심리연구, 20, 265-282.

15.

박효정, 홍창희 (2010). 글쓰기 용서치료가 대인외상경험자의 심리적 적응에 미치는 효과. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 29(1), 83-107.

16.

서정선, 신희천 (2007). 용서가 결혼만족에 미치는 영향:자기-상대방 상호의존성 모델의 적용. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 19(1), 87-106.

17.

양영숙, 김봉환 (2009). 부부갈등과 심리적 부적응과의관계에서 공감과 용서의 매개효과. 상담학연구,10(2), 683-699

18.

오영희 (2004). 대학생의 부모-자녀 갈등경험, 용서, 정신건강의 관계. 교육심리연구, 18(3), 59-77.

19.

오영희 (2007). 청소년의 부모-자녀 갈등경험과 심리적부적응과의 관계: 용서와 자아존중감의 매개효과. 교육심리연구, 21(3). 645-663.

20.

오영희 (2011). 한국인 용서 척도 단축형의 개발과 타당화. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 16(4), 799-813.

21.

이경순 (2008). 용서 과정에 대한 질적연구: 근거이론을중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 건강. 13(1),237-252.

22.

이연수, 송민경, 김청송 (2011). 청소년의 용서결정요인에 관한 연구. 청소년학연구, 18(4), 173-195.

23.

이윤희, 서수균 (2012). 한국판 가족용서 척도 개발 및가족용서와 청소년 또래관계 사이에서 또래신뢰의 매개효과. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 24(1), 69-95.

24.

장선숙, 김향숙, 홍상황 (2005). 초등학생용 교우관계 용서프로그램의 효과검증. 한국심리학회지: 학교,2(2), 199-220.

25.

정성진, 서경현 (2011). 대학생의 특성용서, 상태용서,용서 결정요인의 관계. 청소년학연구, 18(2),147-169.

26.

최상진, 김기범, 강오순, 김지영 (2005). 한국문화에서대인관계 신뢰-불신의 기반과 심리적 기능에대한 문화심리학적 분석. 한국심리학회지: 사회문제, 11(특집호), 1-20.

27.

최상진, 김의철, 김기범 (2003). 한국사회에서의 대인관계 속의 신뢰와 불신의 기반으로서 마음에 대한 문화심리학적 접근. 한국심리학회지: 사회문제, 9(2), 1-17.

28.

하늘, 배성만, 현명호 (2011). 성피해자의 수치심과 우울의 관계에서 용서의 매개효과. 한국심리학회지:건강, 16(4), 725-737.

29.

Baskin, T. W., & Enright, R. D. (2004). Intervention studies on forgiveness: A meta-analysis. Journal of Counseling & Development, 82, 79-90.

30.

Bono, G., McCullough, M. E., & Root, L. M. (2008). Forgiveness, feeling connected to others, and well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 182-195.

31.

Brown, R. P. (2003). Measuring individual differences in the tendency to forgive: Construct validity and links with depression. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 759-771

32.

Deci, E., & Ryan, R. (Eds.), (2002). Handbook of self-determination research. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.

33.

Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 193, 542-575.

34.

Diener, E. Scollon, C. N., & Lucas, R. E. (2003). The evolving concept of subejctive well-being: The multifaceted nature of happiness. Advanced in Cell Aging and Cerontology, 13, 187-219.

35.

Doney, P. M., Cannon, J. P., & Mullen, M. R. (1998). Understanding the influence of national culture on the development of trust. Academy of Management Review, 23(3), 601-602.

36.

Emmons, R. A. (2000). Personality and forgiveness. In M. E. McCullough, K. I. Pargament, & C. E. Thoersen (Eds.), Forgivenes: theory, research, and practice (pp. 156-178). New York: Guilford Press.

37.

Enright, R. D. (2001). Forgiveness is a choice. Washington. DC: APA LifeTools, American Psychological Association.

38.

Enright, R. D. (2012). The forgiving life : A pathway to overcoming resentment and creating a legacy of love. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.

39.

Enright, R. D., & Rique, J. (2004). The Enright Forgiveness Inventory Manual. Mind Garden.

40.

Enright, R. D., Freedman, S. R., & Rique, J. (1998). The psychology of interpersonal forgiveness. In R. Enright & J. North (Eds.), Exploring forgiveness (pp. 62-129). Madison : University of Wisconsin Press.

41.

Enright, R. D., & Zell, R. L. (1989). Problems encountered when we forgive one another. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 8, 52-60.

42.

Fehr, R., Gelfand, M. J., & Nag, M. (2010). The road to forgiveness: A meta-analytic synthesis of its situational and dispositional correlates. Psychological Bulletin, 136(5), 894-914.

43.

Ferraro, K. F., & Farmer, M. M. (1999). Utility of health data from social surveys: Is there a gold standard for measuring morbidity? American Sociological Review, 64, 303-315.

44.

Fincham, F. D. (2000). The kiss of the porcupines: from attributin responsibility to forgiving. Personal Relationships, 7, 1-23.

45.

Fincham, F. D., Paleari, G., & Regalia, C. (2002). Forgiveness in marriage: The role of relationship quality, attributions and empathy. Personal Relationships, 9, 27-37.

46.

Finkel, F. J., Rusbult, C. E., Kumashiro, M., & Hannon, P. A. (2002). Dealing with betrayal in close relationships: Does commitment promote forgiveness? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6). 956-974.

47.

Freedman, S. R. & Enright, R. D. (1996). Forgiveness as an intervention goal with incest survivors. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 983-992.

48.

Gambetta, D. (1988). Can we trust? In D. Gambetta(Ed.), Trust: Making and breakingcooperative relations (pp. 213-237).Cambridge, Massachusetts: Basic Blackwell.

49.

Holmes, J. G., & Rempel, J. K. (1989). Trust in close relationships In C. Hendrick (Ed.), close relationships (pp. 187-220). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

50.

Idler, E. L., & Benyamin, Y. (1997). Self-rated health and mortality: A review of twenty-seven community studies. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 38, 21-37.

51.

Karremans, J. C., Van Lange, P. A., & Ouwerkerk, J. W. (2003). When forgiving enhances psychological well-being: The role of interpersonal commitment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(5). 1011-1026.

52.

Karremans, J. C., Lange, P., & Holland, R. W. (2005). Forgiveness and its associations with prosocial thinking, feeling, and doing beyond the relationship with the offender. Personality and Social Psychological Bulletin, 31, 1315-1326.

53.

Karremans, J. C., & Van Lange, P. A. M. (2004). Back to caring after being hurt: The role of forgiveness. European Journal of Social Psychology, 34, 207-227.

54.

Kramer, R. M. (1999). Trust and distrust in organizations: Emerging perspectives, enduring questions. Annual Review of Psychology, 50, 569-598.

55.

Lawler-Row, K. A. & Piferi, R. L. (2006). The forgiving personality: Describing a life well lived? Personality and Individual Differences, 41, 1009-1020.

56.

Lewicki, R. J., McAllister, D. J., & Bies, R. J. (1998). Trust and distrust: New relationships and realities. Academy of Management Review, 23(3), 438-458.

57.

McCullough, M. E. (2000). Forgiveness as human strength: Theory, measurement, and links to well-being. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19, 43-55

58.

McCullough, M. E., Bellah, C. G., Kilpatrick, S. D., & Johnson, J. L. (2001). Vengefulness: Relationship with forgiveness, rumination, well-being, and the Big Five. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 601-610

59.

McCullough, M. E., Pargament, K. I, & Thoresen, C. E. (2000). Forgiveness: Theory, research, and practice. New York, NY: Guilford Press.

60.

McCullough, M. E., Rachal, K. C., Sandage, S. J., Worthington, E. L., Brown, S. W., & Hight, T. L. (1998). Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships II: Theoretical elaboration and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 1586-1603

61.

Miller, A. J., Worthington, E. L., Jr., & McDaniel, M. A. (2008). Gender and forgiveness: A meta-analytic review and research agenda. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 27, 843-876.

62.

Rempel, J. K., Ross, M., & Holmes, J. G. (2001). Trust and communicated attributions in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 57-64.

63.

Fukuyama, F. (1995). Trust: The social virtues and the creation of prosperity. New York: Free Press.

64.

Rousseau, D. M., Sitkin, S. B., Burt, R. S., & Camerer, C. (1998). Not so different after all: A cross-discipline view of trust. Academy of Management Review, 23, 393-404.

65.

Rusbult, C. E., Hannon, P. A., Stocker, S. L., & Finkel, E. J. (2005). Forgiveness and relational repair. In E. L. Worthington, Jr. (Ed.), Handbook of forgiveness (pp. 185-206). New York: Routledge.

66.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68– 78.

67.

Simpson, A. (2007). Foundations of interpersonal trust. In A. W. Kruglanski & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Social psychology: A handbook of basic principles (2nd ed., pp. 587-607). New York: Guilford.

68.

Toussaint, L., & Webb, J. R. (2005). Theorectical and empirical connections between forgiveness, mental health, and well-being. In E. L. Worthington, Jr. (Ed.), Handbook of forgiveness (pp. 349-362). New York, NY: Routledge.

69.

Tse, W., & Yip, T. H. (2009). Relationship among dispositional forgiveness of others, interpersonal adjustment and psychological well-being: Implication for interpersonal theory of depression. Personality and Individual Differences, 46, 365-368

70.

Vaillant, C. E. (2002). Aging well. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.

71.

Weber, J. M., Malhotra, D., & Murnighan, J. K.(2005). Normal acts of irrational trust:Motivated attributions and the trustdevelopment process. Research inOrganizational Behavior, 26, 75-101.

72.

Wieselquist, J. (2009). Interpersonal forgiveness, trust, and investment model of commitment. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 26, 531-548.

73.

Wieselquist, J., Rusbult, C. E., Foster, C. A., & Agnew, C. R. (1999). Commitment, prorelationship behavior, and trust in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 942-966.

74.

Worthington, E. L. Jr. (2005). Handbook of forgiveness. New York: Routledge.

75.

Worthington, E. L. Jr., Berry, J. W., & Parrott, L. III(2001). Unforgiveness, forgiveness, religion,and health. In T. G. Plante & A. C. Sherman(Eds.), Faith and health: Psychologicalperspective (pp. 107-138). New York:Guilford Press.

The Korean Journal of Health Psychology