완벽주의, 반추, 우울의 관계: 적응적 완벽주의와 부적응적 완벽주의
A Relationship of Perfectionism, Rumination and Depression : Adaptive Perfectionism and Maladaptive Perfectionism
이인혜 (강원대학교)
초록
본 연구는 완벽주의가 적응적 요소와 부적응적 요소로 구분되어 있고, 이 두 요소는 우울에 상반된 영향을 미치며, 적응 및 부적응적 완벽주의와 우울의 관계에서 반추의 매개효과가 차별적인지를 확인하기 위해 시도되었다. 아울러 부적응적 완벽주의 중에서도 우울에 대한 설명력이 큰 하위 요인이 무엇인지 알아보고자 하였다. 남녀 대학생 735명에게 다차원 완벽주의 척도(MPS), 반추 반응양식 척도(RDQ), 우울 척도(CES-D)를 실시하였고, 이중 705명의 자료를 요인분석 및 회귀분석을 이용하여 분석하였다. 확인적 요인분석 결과, 완벽주의는 적응적 요소와 부적응적 요소로 구분됨이 확인되었다. 그리고 적응적 완벽주의는 우울과 상관이 없었고 반추의 매개효과도 없는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 부적응적 완벽주의의 경우 우울과 유의한 정적 상관을 보였으며, 우울과의 관계에서 반추의 부분 매개효과가 확인되었다. 부적응적 완벽주의 하위 요인들 중에서 ‘부모의 기대’를 제외한 나머지 세 요인에서 매개효과가 나타났다. 또한 매개효과에서 성차가 있었는데, 남성의 경우 부적응적 완벽주의와 우울 간에 반추의 완전 매개효과가 나타났고, 여성에서는 부분 매개효과가 나타났다. 부적응적 완벽주의 하위 요인 중 특히 ‘부모의 비난’과 우울의 관계에서 남자는 반추의 완전 매개효과가 여자는 부분 매개효과가 나타났다. 결론적으로, 완벽주의는 적응적 및 부적응인 요소로 구분되며, 부적응적 완벽주의만이 우울과 관련이 있고, 반추는 부적응적 완벽주의자들이 우울감정을 경험하는데 관여하는 인지적 매개변인임이 확인되었다.
- keywords
- 적응적 완벽주의, 부적응적 완벽주의, 반추, 우울, Adaptive perfectionism, Maladaptive perfectionism, Rumination, Depression
Abstract
This study aims to confirm whether perfectionism comprises of two different factors, adaptive or maladaptive, and to investigate whether these factors cause opposite effects on depression, and also to explore whether mediation of rumination acts differently in relation to perfectionism and depression. Three questionnaires were put forward for a sample of 735 (705 samples used) university students, by using MPS, RDQ and CES-D, and the resulting data were analyzed by using the Factor Analysis and Regression Analysis. Results of the analysis showed that perfectionism was comprised of adaptive and maladaptive factors. While adaptive perfectionism does not correlate with depression, the maladaptive factors appear to have meaningful correlations with depression and the rumination partially mediated the relationship between perfectionism and depression. The study also showed that sexual differences exist, as in males, the rumination fully mediated the relationship between perfectionism and depression while only showing partial mediation effects in females. It was especially noted that under the sub-criterion of “parental criticism and depression”, males have shown to have full mediation effects from rumination as opposed to females only showing a partial effect. Furthermore, results of this study showed that from the two factors of perfectionism, adaptive and maladaptive, only the maladaptive perfectionism was correlated with depression. Rumination is identified as a cognitive factor which mediates the effects of depression from maladaptive perfectionisms.
- keywords
- 적응적 완벽주의, 부적응적 완벽주의, 반추, 우울, Adaptive perfectionism, Maladaptive perfectionism, Rumination, Depression
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