The Korean Journal of Health Psychology
- Apply for Authority
- KOREAN
- P-ISSN1229-070X
- E-ISSN2713-9581
- KCI
A Qualitative Study for the Process of Posttraumatic Growth: A Comparison of trauma survivors’ and therapists’ perspective
- Downloaded
- Viewed
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the factors that can influence posttraumatic growth(PTG), and to compare the subjective experience of PTG reported by trauma survivors and the objective observation made by professional therapists through qualitative research. The participants consisted of six trauma survivors who reported a PTG, and five professional therapists who usually treated trauma survivors. The participants were individually interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire, and asked about survivors' traumatic experience and process of PTG, or therapists' observation for their trauma clients. Data analysis was performed using the method of Giorgi(1985/2004) and Van Kaam(1969). All participants reported PTG in the various aspects of self, relationships, the attitude of life, and the perspective on life. Both trauma survivors and professional therapists commonly recognized the influence of constructive coping strategies on PTG. Whereas trauma survivors reported that PTG has been influenced by personality strength such as self-efficacy and interpersonal factors including social support, professional therapists emphasized cognitive factors and resiliency. Based on these findings, we discussed the process of PTG synthetically. Limitations of current study and directions for future research were presented.
- keywords
- posttraumatic growth, personality strength, constructive coping, social support, qualitative research, 외상 후 성장, 성격 강점, 건설적 대처, 사회적 지지, 질적 연구
Reference
권석만 (2008). 긍정심리학. 서울: 학지사.
김영애, 최윤경 (2015). 여성주의 관점을 적용한 현실치료: 배우자 외도 사례를 중심으로. 한국심리학회지:여성, 20(3), 253-275.
김영재 (2012). 소방공무원의 전문직업적 정체성, 사회적 지지, 대처가 외상 후 성장에 미치는 효과. 고려대학교 대학원 석사학위청구논문.
김지경, 장현아 (2014). 외상 후 성장 연구의 국내 동향과 과제. 인지행동치료, 14(2), 239-265.
김희정, 권정혜, 김종남, 이란, 이건숙 (2008). 유방암 생존자의 외상 후 성장 관련 요인 탐색. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 13(3), 781-799.
서영석, 조화진, 안하얀, 이정선 (2012). 한국인이 경험한 외상 사건: 종류 및 발생률. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 24(3), 671-701.
신경림, 조명옥, 양진향 (2004). 질적 연구 방법론. 서울:이화여자대학교출판부.
신선영, 정남운 (2012). 삶의 의미와 사회적 지지가 외상 후 성장에 미치는 영향: 성장적 반추를 매개변인으로. 인간이해, 33(2), 217-235.
양승일 (2003). 한국․중국․필리핀 간 집단주의 성향국제비교. 고려대학교 대학원 석사학위청구논문.
이수림 (2013). 외상 유형이 외상후성장 및 지혜에 미치는 영향: 사회적 지지와 대처의 매개효과. 한국심리학회지: 문화 및 사회문제, 19(3), 319-341.
이숙영 (2014). 북한이탈여성의 외상후성장에 관한 질적연구: 중국 체류 시 결혼 경험이 있는 사례를 중심으로. 건국대학교 대학원 박사학위청구논문.
이정호 (2011). 종교적 대처가 외상후성장에 미치는 영향: 삶의 의미의 매개효과. 가톨릭대학교 대학원 석사학위청구논문.
이현주 (2005). 노인부부 가구에서 치매배우자를 돌보는남편의 수발경험에 관한 연구. 이화여자대학교 대학원 박사학위청구논문.
임선영 (2014). 관계상실 경험자를 대상으로 한 외상후성장 촉진 프로그램의 효과. 인지행동치료, 14(3), 339-358.
한노을 (2009). 외상 후 성장에 관한 현상학적 연구: 아동기 성폭력을 경험한 여성을 중심으로. 서울여자대학교 대학원 석사학위청구논문.
홍상희 (2009). 아내 폭력 피해 여성이 폭력을 벗어나는과정에서 경험하는 변화에 관한 질적 연구. 이화여자대학교 대학원 석사학위청구논문.
최승미 (2008). 외상 후 성장 관련 변인의 탐색. 고려대학교 대학원 박사학위청구논문.
최승미, 김영재, 권정혜 (2013). 인지적, 문제해결적 행동 대처 및 사회적 지지가 외상 후 성장에 미치는영향. 인지행동치료, 13(2), 307-328.
Allen, J. (2010). 트라우마의 치유〔Coping with trauma: Hope through understanding〕. (권정혜, 김정범, 조용래, 최혜경, 최윤경, 권호인 공역). 서울: 학지사. (원전은 2005에 출판).
Astin, M. C., Lawrence, K. J., & Foy, D. W. (1993). Post-traumatic stress disorder among battered women; Risk and resiliency factors. Violence and Victims, 8(1), 17-28.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behaviors change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215.
Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37(2), 122-147.
Boelen, P. A., Kip, Hanneke, H. J., Voorsluijs, J. J., & Van den Bout, J. (2004). Irrational beliefs and basic assumptions in bereaved university students: A comparison study. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 22(2), 111-129.
Bonanno, G. A. (2004). Loss, trauma, and human resilience: Have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events? American Psychologist, 59(1), 20.
Bostock, L., Sheikh, A. I., & Barton, S. (2009). Posttraumatic growth and optimism in health-related trauma: A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 16(4), 281-296.
Briere, J., & Elliott, D. (2000). Prevalence, characteristics, and long-term sequelae of natural disaster exposure in the general population. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 13(4), 661-679.
Cadell, S., Regehr, C., & Hemsworth, D. (2003). Factors contributing to posttraumatic growth: A proposed structural equation model. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 73(3), 279-287.
Calhoun, L. G., Cann, A., Tedeschi, R. G., & McMillan, J. (2000). A correlational test of the relationship between postrraumatic growth, religion, and cognitive processing. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 13(3), 521-527.
Calhoun, L. G., & Tedeschi, R. G. (1999). Facilitating posttraumatic growth: A clinician's guide. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Calhoun, L. G., & Tedeschi, R. G. (2004). The foundation of posttraumatic growth: New considerations. Psychological Inquiry, 15(1), 93-102.
Calhoun, L. G., & Tedeschi, R. G. (2006). The foundations of posttraumatic growth: An expanded framework. In L. G. Calhoum, & R. G. Tedeschi (Eds.), Handbook of posttraumatic growth (pp. 1-23). Mahwah, JM: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Cieslak, R., Benight, C., Schmidt, N., Luszczynska, A., Curtin, E., Clark, R. A., & Kissinger, P. (2009). Predicting posttraumatic growth among hurricane Katrina survivors living with HIV: The role of self-efficacy, social support, and PTSD symptoms. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 22(4), 449-463.
Cordova, M. J., Cunningham, L. L. C., Calson, C. R., & Andrykowski, M. A. (2001). Posttraumatic growth following breast cancer: A controlled comparison study. Health Psychology, 20(3), 176-185.
Ehlers, A., & Clark, D. M. (2000). A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38(4), 319-345.
Evers, A. W. M., Kraaimaat, F. W., Van Lankveld, W., Jongen, P. J. H., Jacobs, J. W. G., & Bijlsma, J. W. (2001). Beyond unfavourable thinking: The illness cognition questionnaire for chronic diseases. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69(6), 1026-1036.
Giorgi, A. (2004). 현상학과심리학연구[Phenomenology and psychological research]. (신경림외공역). 서울: 현문사. (원전은 1985에 출판).
Hobofoll, S. E., Hall, B. J., Canetti-Nisim, D., Galea, S., Johnson, R. J., & Palmieri, P. (2007). Refining our understanding of traumatic growth in the face of terrorism: Moving from meaning cognitions to doing what is meaningful. Applied Psychology: An International Journal, 56(3), 345-366.
Janoff-Bulman, R. (1989). Assumptive worlds and the stress of traumatic events: Applications of the schema construct. Social Cognition, 7(2), 113-136.
Janoff-Bulman, R., & Wortman, C. (1977). Attributions of blame and coping in the "real world": Severe accident victims react to their lot. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35(5), 351-363.
Joseph, S., Murphy, D., & Regel, S. (2012). An affective–cognitive processing model of posttraumatic growth. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 19(4), 316-325.
Linley, P A., & Joseph, S. (2004). Positive change following trauma and adversity: A review. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 17(1), 11-21.
Luszczynska, A., Mohamed, N., & Schwarzer, R. (2005). Self-efficacy and social support predict benefit finding 12 months after cancer surgery:The mediating role of coping strategies. Psychology, Health and Medicine, 10(4), 365-375.
Maercker, A., & Zoellner, T. (2004). The Janus face of self-perceived growth: Toward two-component model of posttraumatic growth. Psychological Inquiry, 15(1), 41-48.
Mauritzen, J. (1988). Pastoral care for the dying and bereaved. Death Studies, 12(2), 111-122.
McMillen, J. C. (2004). Posttraumatic growth: What's it all about? Psychological Inquiry, 15(1), 48-52.
Morris, B. A., Shakespeare-Finch, J., Rieck, M., & Newbery, J. (2005). Multidimensional nature of posttraumatic growth in an Australian population. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18(5), 575-585.
Nishi, D., Matsuoka, Y., & Kim, Y. (2010). Research posttraumatic growth, posttraumatic stress disorder and resilience of motor vehicle accident survivors. Biopsychosocial Medicine, 4(1), 1-6.
Ozer, E. J., Best, S. R., Lipsey, T. L., & Weiss, D. S. (2003). Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 129(1), 52-73.
Park, C. L., Cohen, L. H., & Murch, R. L. (1996). Assessment and prediction of stress-related growth. Journal of Personality, 64(1), 71-105.
Park, C. L., & Helgeson, V. S. (2006). Introduction to the special section: Growth following highly stressful life events-current status and future direction. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(5), 791-796.
Peterson, J. L., Folkma, S., & Bakeman, R. R. (1996). Stress, coping, HIV status, psychosocial resources and depressive mood in African American gay, bisexual, and heterosexual men. American Journal of Community Psychology, 24(4), 461-487.
Ramos, C., & Leal, I. P. (2013). Posttraumatic growth in the aftermath of trauma: A literature review about related factors and application contexts. Psychology, Community and Health, 2(1), 43-54.
Schaefer, J. A., & Moos, R. H. (1992). Life crises and personality growth. In B. N. Carpenter(Ed.), Personality coping: Theory, research, and application(pp. 149-170). New York: Praeger.
Schultz, J. M., Tallman, B. A., & Altmaier, E. M. (2010). Pathways to posttraumatic growth: The contributions of forgiveness and importance of religion and spirituality. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 2(2), 104-114.
Sears, S. R., Stanton, A. L., & Danoff-Burg, S. (2003). The yellow brick road and the emerald city: Benefit finding, positive re-appraisal coping, and posttraumatic growth in women with early-stage breast cancer. Health Psychology, 22(5), 487-487.
Taylor, S. E. (1983). Adjustment to threatening events: A theory of cognitive adaptation. American Psychologist, 38(11), 1161-1173.
Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (1995). Trauma and transformation: Growing in the aftermath of suffering. Thousand Oak, CA: Sage Publications.
Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (1996). The posttraumatic growth inventory: Measuring the positive legacy of trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 9(3), 455-471.
Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (2004). Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence. Psychological Inquiry, 15(1), 1-18.
Twerski, A. J. (1998). Twerski on spirituality. Brooklyn, NY: Shaar Press.
Van Kaam, A. (1969). Existential foundations of psychology. New York: Doubleday.
Weiss, T. (2004). Correlates of posttraumatic growth in married breast cancer survivors. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23(5), 733-746.
Zoellner, T., & Maercker, A. (2006). Posttraumatic growth in clinical psychology: A critical review and introduction of a two component model. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(5), 626-653.
- Downloaded
- Viewed
- 0KCI Citations
- 0WOS Citations