자기조절력과 해석수준이 지연할인율에 미치는 효과
The Effects of Self-regulatory Strength and Construal Level on Delay Discounting Rates
김교헌 (충남대학교)
초록
사람들은 일상적으로 미래에 발생할 수 있는 결과들 사이 선택의 갈림길에 서 있다. 많은 이들이 비록 미래의 보상이 더 큰 것이라 할지라도 즉각적인 보상을 선호하는 경향이 있다. 본 연구는 자기조절과 해석수준이 지연할인율에 미치는 효과에 대해 실험적으로 검증하고자 하였다. 먼저, 국내 4년제 대학교 재학생 및 휴학생인 20대 남녀 54명을 대상으로 ‘생활양식이 돈에 대한 선호에 미치는 영향’ 이라는 커버스토리를 설정 후 자기조절 척도(Self-Control Scale: SCS)를 실시하였다. 실험 참여에 동의한 참여자를 대상으로 보고된 전체 점수의 상위 25%에 해당하는 27명과 하위 25%에 해당하는 27명을 선발하였으며 실험설계는 2(자기조절 고, 자기조절 저) × 2(상위해석수준, 하위해석수준)로 피험자 간 설계를 하였다. 지연할인율 측정을 위하여 컴퓨터를 통해 행동과제인 Delay Discounting Task(DDT)를 활용하였으며 참여자가 선택한 응답으로 참여자 개인의 지연할인율을 추정하였다. 그 결과, 자기조절과 해석수준에 따른 지연할인율에서 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 자기조절이 낮은 집단에서 상위해석수준을 조작하였을 때 지연할인율이 낮아졌으며 하위해석수준을 조작하였을 때 지연할인율이 높아지는 결과를 보인 반면, 자기조절이 높은 집단에서는 해석수준에 따른 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 자기조절의 결핍과 높은 지연할인율이 연관되어 있음과 상위해석수준으로 유도하는 것이 지연할인율을 낮추는 데 도움이 된다는 것을 제안한다. 이 연구를 통해 자기조절의 실패로 간주되어지는 임상장면에서 해석수준 조작을 통한 미래지향적인 시간선호 유도가 예방 메시지 전달 효과를 기대할 수 있다.
- keywords
- 자기조절력, 해석수준, 지연할인율, Self-Regulation, Construal level theory, Delay discounting rate, DDT
Abstract
People are stand at the crossroads of choice between the consequences that can occur in everyday inter temporal. A lot of people tend to prefer the immediate rewards, even if the rewards are lager for the future. Each of individuals has different delay discount rates, people who take count of the higher discount rates for future rewards undervalue present value of the future rewards and judge it has a less influence that the effects of future reward due to the current choice. They select the problematic behavior, such as smoking, addiction, eating problem and impulse buying because of excessive discounts for future rewards. This research aimed at investigating the effects of self-regulatory strength and construal level on delay discounting. First, targeting 54 individuals who are male or female in university students and students on a leave of absence in the age of 20s. We set the cover story "Influence of the preference for money" after that, we make them write down a self control scale(SCS) and selected each 27 individuals in the top 25% and 27 individuals in the bottom 25% of full score, among people who decided to participate in this experiment. For this, the researcher planned a design between subjects 2(high self-regulatory strength, low self-regulatory strength) × 2(high construal level, low construal level), and used behavior task Delay discounting task(DDT) to measure delay discount rates and presumed individual's delay discount, accepting responses (which have been) selected by participants. As the analysis result, significant difference appeared in the discount rates of self-regulatory strength and construal level. Also, delay discount was lower when high construal level has been manipulated and was higher when low constual level has been manipulated, in group of low self-regulatory strength, whereas there were no relevant difference according to construal level, in group of high self-regulatory strength. These results propose self-regulatory strength's correlation between deficiency and high delay discount, and impress the importance of induction to high construal level is helpful for reducing delay discount. According to the study, we could expect that induction to futuristic temporal preference may be prevent effect to message delivery in clinical setting regarded as self control failure.
- keywords
- 자기조절력, 해석수준, 지연할인율, Self-Regulation, Construal level theory, Delay discounting rate, DDT
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