단축형 단도박 자기효능감척도(GASS-9)의 개발과 타당화
Development and Validation of the Short Version of the Gambling Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale(GASS-9)
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초록
본 연구의 목적은 단도박 자기효능감척도(Gambling Abstinence Self-efficacy Scale: GASS)의 21문항을 기반으로 한국의 임상표본에 적합한 단축형 GASS(GASS-9)를 구성하고 그 타당도를 검증하는 것이다. 연구 참여자는 도박중독 치료를 받으러 온 2,945명(남성 96.8%)이었다. 이들을 무선적으로 두 집단으로 나눈 후, 임상표본 1(1,472명)을 대상으로 한글로 번안한 GASS를 실시하였고 탐색적 요인분석을 통해 9문항 3요인(부적정서, 재정압박, 도박자극) 구조의 GASS-9를 구성하였다. GASS-9의 3개 요인은 전체 변량의 75.36%를 설명하였다. 임상표본 2(1,473명)의 자료에 대해서는 임상표본 1을 기반으로 구성된 GASS-9에 대한 확인적 요인분석과 타당도를 검증하였다. 확인적 요인분석 결과 9문항의 3요인구조는 전반적으로 양호한 적합도를 보였고, 각 하위척도의 내적 일관성 신뢰도는 0.76～0.88, 전체 문항의 신뢰도는 0.85었다. 또한 수렴 및 변별 타당도, 준거관련 타당도와 변화민감도를 확인하였다. 문제집단과 비문제집단을 변별해주는 GASS-9 전체점수의 절단점은 37점(민감도 58.24%, 특이도 68.67%), 부적정서 요인의 절단점은 11점(민감도 35.88%, 특이도 87.95%), 재정압박 요인의 절단점은 10점(민감도 47.65%, 특이도 77.71%), 도박자극 요인의 절단점은 13점(민감도 61.76%, 특이도 66.87%)이었다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 의의와 제한점에 대해 논의하였다.
- keywords
- 단도박, 치료효과, 자기효능감, 타당도, 절단점, gambling abstinence, treatment outcome, self-efficacy, validity, cutoff-score
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to construct a short version of the Gambling Abstinence Self-efficacy Scale (GASS-9) based on Gambling Abstinence Self-efficacy Scale (GASS) and confirm the validity of the GASS-9, which is optimal for the clinical sample in Korea. Two thousand nine hundred and forty five problem/pathological gamblers (male 96.8%) seeking treatment completed the GASS. They were randomly divided into two groups. Explanatory factor analysis was performed on the clinical data sample for group 1(1,472) to construct GASS-9, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed on clinical sample group 2(1,473), and the validity was confirmed. Based on explanatory factor analysis on the clinical data sample for group 1, GASS-9 consisting of three factors (negative emotion, financial pressure, gambling stimulus) and nine items was constructed. These three factors accounted for 75.36% of the total variance. Reliability and validity were confirmed using the clinical sample group 2. Results from the CFA suggested that three-factors consisting of nine items was appropriate in goodness of fit. GASS-9 showed good convergent validity, discriminant validity, criterion-related validity, and sensitivity to change. A cutoff-score of ≤37 for the total score of GASS-9 was found to have 58.24 sensitivity and 68.67 specificity for the problem gambling. The implications and limitations of the present study along with suggestions for future research are discussed.
- keywords
- 단도박, 치료효과, 자기효능감, 타당도, 절단점, gambling abstinence, treatment outcome, self-efficacy, validity, cutoff-score
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