바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

The Korean Journal of Health Psychology

Article Contents

Next
e-Submission

Vol.24 No.2
Citation Share

The Effects of Virtual Reality Graded Exposure Therapy on Public Speaking Anxiety and Self-Focused Attention in Female University Students

The Korean Journal of Health Psychology / The Korean Journal of Health Psychology, (P)1229-070X; (E)2713-9581
2019, v.24 no.2, pp.293-309
https://doi.org/10.17315/kjhp.2019.24.2.001




& (2019). The Effects of Virtual Reality Graded Exposure Therapy on Public Speaking Anxiety and Self-Focused Attention in Female University Students. The Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 24(2), 293-309, https://doi.org/10.17315/kjhp.2019.24.2.001
  • Downloaded
  • Viewed
PDF Download

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of virtual reality graded exposure therapy on public speaking anxiety and self-focused attention among female university students. Sixty-five female university students who scored more than 71 on Speech Anxiety Scale were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n=31) or a wait-list control group (n=34). The experimental group completed 4 sessions of virtual reality graded exposure therapy over a period of 2 weeks (30 minutes each, twice a week). The two groups completed questionnaires during the pre-treatment, post-treatment, and at three-weeks after the treatment period. Some of the measurement versions used in this study included the Korean version of Speech Anxiety Scale (K-SAS), the Korean version of the Speech Anxiety Thoughts Inventory (K-SATI), Scale for Dispositional Self-Focused Attention in Social situation (SDSAS), Subjective Anxiety Ratings, Timed Behavior Checklist for Performance Anxiety (TBCL) and a Fingertip pulse oximeter. The results revealed that the experimental group’s speech anxiety, speech anxiety thoughts, self-focused attention, subjective anxiety, observer evaluation of anxiety behaviors, and heart rate significantly decreased compared to the wait-list control group. These effects were maintained at the three-week follow-up period. In the RCI, the treatment response rates were significantly higher in the experimental group. This study discusses the implications of those results and suggestions for future research.

keywords
점진적 가상현실 노출치료, 가상현실, 발표불안, 자기초점적 주의, Virtual Reality Graded Exposure Therapy, Virtual Reality, Speaking Anxiety, Self-focused Attention

Reference

1.

구정훈, 장동표, 신민보, 조항준, 안희범, 조백환, 김인영, 김선일 (2000). 대인공포증의 치료를 위한 가상 연설 시뮬레이터의 실험적 제작. 의공학회지, 21(6), 615-621.

2.

김미리혜 (2011). 건강심리학 장면에서 가상현실과 증강현실의 활용. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 16(4), 643-656.

3.

김지혜 (2012). 대학생의 발표불안에 대한 자기초점적주의와 사후 반추사고의 영향: 해석수준의 조절효과. 대구가톨릭대학교 대학원 석사학위 청구논문.

4.

김헌영, 김미리혜, Chad Ebesutani (2017). 가상현실 노출치료가 여대생의 발표불안에 미치는 효과. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 22(4), 833-847.

5.

신나민, 박종향 (2009). 대학생의 수업 중 발표불안에관한 현상학적 연구. 교육심리연구, 23(4), 714-734.

6.

이정윤 (1996). 사회불안증에 대한 인지행동치료와 노출치료의 효과연구. 연세대학교 박사학위 청구논문.

7.

이정윤, 최정훈. (1997). 사회공포증의 인지행동치료와노출치료의 효과연구. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 9(1), 35-56.

8.

이지영, 권석만 (2005). 자기초점적 주의성향 척도의 개발. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 24(3), 451-464.

9.

이혜경, 권정혜 (1998). 사회공포증에서 나타나는 인지적 특성이 수행불안에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회 1998년도 학술대회 논문집, 143-156, 1998년 6월. 한국심리학회 학술대회.

10.

조용래 (2001a). 발표불안에 대한 인지행동집단치료의효과. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 20, 399-411.

11.

조용래 (2001b). 불안장애에 대한 노출치료: 비판적 분석, 작용기제 및 개선방안. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 20(1), 229-257.

12.

조용래 (2004). 한국판 발표불안 사고 검사의 신뢰도와타당도. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 23(4), 1109-1125.

13.

조용래, 원호택 (1997). 대인불안에 대한 인지적 평가:사회적 상호작용에 대한 자기 효능감 척도의 개발과 타당도에 관한 연구. 심리학의 연구문제, 4, 17-36.

14.

조용래, 원호택, 표경식 (2000). 사회공포증에 대한 집단인지치료의 효과. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 19(2), 181-206.

15.

조용래, 이민규, 박상학 (1999). 한국판 발표불안척도의신뢰도와 타당도에 대한 연구. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 18,(2) 165-178.

16.

Barlow, J. (1988). Harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) abundance estimation in California, Oregon and Washington: I. Ship surveys. Fishery Bulletin, 86,(3) 417-432.

17.

Barlow, J., C. Oliver, T. D. Jackson & B. L. Taylor. (1988). Harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena)abundance estimation in California, Oregon and Washington: II. Aerial surveys. Fishery Bulletin, U.S. 86,(3) 433-444.

18.

Barlow, D., Cuthbert, B., Foa, U., Hallam, D., Lang, P., Marks, I., & Foa, B. (1986). Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information. Psycholocial Bulletin, 99(1), 2C.

19.

Cho, Y., Smits, J. A., & Telch, M. J. (2004). The Speech Anxiety Thoughts Inventory: scale development and preliminary psychometric data. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42,(1) 13-25.

20.

Clark, D. M., & Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. Social Phobia: Diagnosis, Assessment, and Treatment, 41(68), 22–33.

21.

Foa, E. B., Franklin, M. E., & Kozak, M. J. (1998). Psychosocial treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder: Literature review. In R. P. Swinson, M. M. Antony, S. Rachman, & M. A. Richter (Eds.), Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Theory, research, and treatment (pp. 258-276). New York, NY, US: Guilford Press.

22.

Fremouw, W. J., & Breitenstein, J. L. (1990). Speech anxiety. In H. Leitenberg (Ed.), Handbook of Social and Evaluation Anxiety (pp. 455-474). New York: Plenum Press.

23.

Garcia-Palacios, A., Botella, C., Hoffman, H., & Fabregat, S. (2007). Comparing acceptance and refusal rates of virtual reality exposure vs. in vivo exposure by patients with specific phobias. Cyberpsychology & behavior, 10(5), 722-724.

24.

Harris, S. R., Kemmerling, R. L., & North, M. M. (2002). Brief Virtual Reality Therapy for Public Speaking Anxiety. Cyber Psychology and Behavior, 5(6), 543-550.

25.

Hood, H. K., & Antony, M. M. (2012). Evidence-based assessment and treatment of specific phobias in adults. In T. E. Davis III, T. H. Ollendick, & L.-G. Öst (Eds.), Autism and child psychopathology series. Intensive onesession treatment of specific phobias (pp. 19-42). New York, NY, US: Springer Science + Business Media.

26.

Hope, D. A., Heimberg, R. G., & Bruch, M. A. (1995). Dismantling Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy for Social Phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(6), 637-650.

27.

Ingram, E. R. (1990). Self-Focused Attention in Clinical Disorders: Review and a Conceptual Model. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 15-176.

28.

Jacobson, N. S., & Truax, p. (1991). Clinical significance: a statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59(1), 12-19.

29.

John, J. S., James, E. C., Catherine, E. S., & Maureen, A. W. (1989). Task Performance and Perceptions of Anxiety: Averaging and Summation in an Evaluative Setting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(3), 387-396.

30.

Kessler, R. C., Stein, M. B., & Berglund, P. (1998). Social phobia subtype in the National Colorability Survey. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 613-619.

31.

Leary, M. R., & Kowalski, R. M. (1990). Impression management: a literature review two component model. Psychological Bulletin, 107(1), 34-47.

32.

Mahone, E. M., Bruch, M. A., & Heimberg, R. G. (1993). Focus of attention and social anxiety: The role of negative self-thoughts and perceived positive attributes of the other. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 17, 209-224.

33.

Michael, D. Spiegler., & David, C. (2003). Contemporary Behavior Therapy. 4th Edition, CA: Wadsworth Publishing.

34.

Newman, M. G., Hofmann, S. G., Trabert, W., Roth, W. T., & Taylor, C. B. (1994). Does behavioral treatment of social phobia lead to cognitive changes?. Behavior Therapy, 25(3), 503-517.

35.

Nunnally, J.C. (1978). Psychometric theory. 2nd Edition, New York: McGraw-Hill.

36.

Parsons, T. D., Notebaert, A. J., Shields, E. W., & Guskiewicz, K. M. (2009). Application of reliable change indices to computerized neuropsychological measures of concussion. International Journal of Neuroscience, 119(4), 492-507.

37.

Paul, G. L. (1966). Insight vs. desensitization in psychotherapy: An experiment in anxiety reduction. Stanford University Press.

38.

Pertaub, D. P., Slater, M., & Barker, C. (2001). An experiment of fear of public speaking in virtual reality. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 81, 372-378.

39.

Schlenker, B. R., & Leary, M. R. (1982). Social anxiety and self presentation: A conceptualization and model. Psychological Bulletin, 92, 641-669.

The Korean Journal of Health Psychology

e-Submission OA Policy