The Korean Journal of Health Psychology
- Log In/Sign Up
- KOREAN
- P-ISSN1229-070X
- E-ISSN2713-9581
- KCI
The role of Reinforcement Sensitivity in the relationship between narcissistic personality and SNS addiction proneness in women
Abstract
The objective of this study was to understand the path of narcissistic personality toward SNS addiction proneness in women. The study intended to test the hypotheses that narcissistic personality would lead to the abuse of SNS through reward-seeking behavioral activation system(BAS), and that the indirect effect via BAS can depend on the level of behavioral inhibition system(BIS) to avoid punishment. In order to measure the variables, Pathological Narcissism Inventory(PNI), Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire(SPSRQ), and SNS Addictive Tendency scale were administered to 292 women cyber university students. To verify the hypotheses, Process Macro 2.16(Hayes, 2013) was used to analyze in three steps: mediation effect, moderation effect, and moderated mediation effect according to Preacher, Rucker & Hayes(2007). The results were as follows: First, BAS was found to mediate partially the relationship between pathological narcissism and SNS addiction proneness. Second, moderation effect of BIS on the relationship between BAS and SNS addiction proneness was observed. Third, BIS also moderated the mediation effect of pathological narcissism on SNS addiction proneness via BAS. Narcissism leads to SNS addiction through BAS and the intensity of the indirect effect via BAS increases with increasing BIS level. This finding suggests that narcissistic people are more likely to develop symptoms of SNS addiction when both BAS and BIS levels are high. Finally, the implications and limitations on this study as well as the suggestions for further research were discussed based on the results.
- keywords
- 병리적 자기애, SNS 중독 경향성, BAS/BIS, 강화 민감성, 조건부 간접효과, Narcissistic personality, SNS addiction proneness, Reinforcement Sensitivity, BIS/BAS, Conditional indirect effect
Reference
강선희, 정남운 (2002). 내현적 자기애 척도의 개발 및타당화 연구. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 14(4), 969-990.
김교헌, 김원식 (2001). 한국판 행동활성화 및 행동억제체계 (BAS/BIS) 척도. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 6(2), 19-37.
김선미, 서경현 (2015). 내현적 자기애와 SNS 중독 경향성 간의 관계: 경험회피의 매개효과를 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 20(3), 587-603.
김은미, 이동후, 임영호, 정일권 (2011). SNS 혁명의 신화와 실제: ‘토크, 플레이, 러브’의 진화. 서울: 나남.
김재분 (2015). 행동활성화 및 행동억제체계가 역기능적섭식행동에 미치는 영향: 사회불안과 자의식의 매개효과. 대구가톨릭대학교 대학원 석사학위 청구논문.
김태연, 이인혜 (2010). 강화민감성이 도박 행동에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 29(3), 685-707.
김한나 (2015). 대학생의 행동억제체계(BIS)가 SNS 중독경향성에 미치는 영향: 자아존중감의 조절효과. 침례신학대학교 대학원 석사학위 청구논문.
김혜미 (2012). 행동활성화 체계와 행동억제 체계(BAS/BIS)가 인터넷 게임중독자의 비합리적 의사결정에 미치는 영향. 경북대학교 대학원 심리학과 석사학위 청구논문.
김희진 (2015). 강화민감성과 주의조절 불안 공포 증상간의 관계 BIS/FFFS를 중심으로. 강원대학교 대학원 석사학위 청구논문.
박재옥 (2006). 비임상 집단에서 충동성과 불안이 도박에 미치는 효과: Corr의 결합하위체계 가설을 중심으로. 강원대학교 대학원 석사학위 청구논문.
서경현, 조성현 (2013). SNS 중독 경향성 관련 요인 탐색. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 18(1), 239-250.
송혜진 (2011). 스마트폰 이용을 통한 SNS 중독에 관한연구. 한국중독범죄학회보, 1(2), 31-49.
신미경 (2016). 대학생의 SNS 중독 경향성에 대한 구조모형 검증: 심리 사회적 변인과 온라인 상호작용선호 경향성 및 SNS 이용동기를 중심으로. 인천대학교 박사학위 청구논문.
양진원 (2012). 병리적 자기애 성향자의 웅대성과 취약성에 따른 정서적 특성. 서울대학교 대학원 석사학위 청구논문.
양진원, 권석만 (2016). 병리적 자기애 성향자의 웅대성과 취약성에 따른 정서적 특성. 한국심리학회지: 임상 35(1), 215-242.
오윤경 (2012). SNS 중독 경향성과 외로움, 우울, 대인관계, 사회적지지의 관계. 한국상담대학원 대학교석사학위 청구논문.
윤병수 (2008). BIS/BAS 하위체계 연결가설의 타당성에대한 연구- 스트레스, 희망 및 건강통제 소재를 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 13(4), 923-942.
윤병수, 정봉교 (2009). 행동억제와 행동활성 체계가 정서자각, 정서억제 및 정서표현을 매개로 한 대인관계에 미치는 효과. 상담학연구, 10(1), 219-233.
이상호, 고아라 (2013). 소셜미디어 중독의 영향 요인연구: 페이스북 이용자의 인식과 몰입을 중심으로. 한국언론학회, 57(6), 176-210.
이석호 (2009). 정서반응성, 행동억제 및 활성화체계가대인관계문제에 미치는 영향. 가톨릭대학교 대학원석사학위 청구논문.
이선미 (2011). 행동활성화/억제체계가 폭식행동에 미치는 영향. 가톨릭대학교 대학원 석사학위 청구논문.
이선미 (2012). 행동접근체계, 행동억제체계 및 투쟁-도피-동결체계를 이용한 정서관련 정신병리의 예측. 가톨릭대학교 대학원 석사학위 청구논문.
이영은, 박현주, 허창구 (2016). 내현적․외현적 자기애와 SNS 중독경향성: 대인관계문제의 매개효과를중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 성격 및 사회. 30(1), 63-80
이예지 (2017). 병리적 자기애의 웅대성 취약성이 SNS 중독경향성에미치는영향: 부적응적자기제시의매개효과. 가톨릭대학교 대학원 석사학위 청구논문.
이인혜, 황현국 (2015). 성격특성과 성격장애 증상간의관계: 개정된 강화민감성을 중심으로. 사회과학연구, 54(1). 231-261.
이정화, 김호영, 강정석 (2017). 외로움이 SNS 중독 경향성에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회: 임상, 36(2)154-164.
임숙희, 김교헌(2009). 날씬함에 대한 사회문화적 압력이 여대생들 섭식행동에 미치는 영향: 신체불만족의 매개효과와 행동접근체계의 조절효과. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 14(4), 853-869.
장승민 (2011). 일기법을 이용한 심리학 연구의 최근 동향과 전망. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 30(3), 677-706.
정소영, 김종남 (2014). 대학생용 SNS 중독경향성 척도개발 및 타당화 연구. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 19(1), 147-166.
제현채, 김정규 (2014). 내현적 자기애가 인터넷 중독에미치는 영향: 경험회피의 매개효과. 인지행동치료, 14(3), 477-489.
조다현 (2014). SNS 중독 경향성과 병리적 자기애, 정서 표현성, 친구 지향성, 스트레스 대처방식의 관계: 성별 차이를 중심으로. 가톨릭대학교 대학원 석사학위 청구논문.
홍성신 (2017). BAS/BIS와 심리적 부적응의 관계에서마음챙김과 부정적 자기 초점적 주의의 매개효과. 한국상담원대학교 대학원 석사학위 청구논문.
황현국, 이인혜 (2015). Jackson-5 척도의 타당화 연구. 한국심리학회: 임상, 34(3), 787-807.
Acar, A. (2008). Antecedents and consequences of online social networking behavior: The case of Facebook. Journal of Website Promotion, 3(1-2), 62-83.
Ahn, H., Kwolek, E. A., & Bowman, N. D. (2015). Two faces of narcissism on SNS: The distinct effects of vulnerable and grandiose narcissism on SNS privacy control. Computers in Human Behavior, 45, 375–381.
Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Thousand Oaks, London: Sage Publications.
Akhtar, S., & Thomson, J. A. (1982). Overview:Narcissistic personality disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 139(1), 12-20.
Alloy, L. B., Abramson, L. Y., Walshaw, P. D., Cogswell, A., Grandin, L. D., Hughes, M. E., Iacoviello, B. M, Whitehouse, W. G, Urosevic, S., Nusslock, R., & Hogan, M. E. (2008). Behavioral approach system and behavioral inhibition system sensitivities and bipolar spectrum disorders:Prospective prediction of bipolar mood episodes. Bipolar Disorders, 10(2), 310-322.
Andreassen, C. S., Pallesen, S., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). The relationship between addictive use of social media, narcissism, and self-esteem:Findings from a large national survey. Addictive Behaviors, 64, 287-293.
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
Campbell, W. K., Reeder, G. D., Sedikides, C., & Elliot, A. J. (2000). Narcissism and comparative self-enhancement strategies. Journal of Research in Personality, 34(3), 329–47.
Campbell, W. K., & Foster J. D. (2007). The Self;The narcissistic self: Background, an extended agency model, and ongoing controversies. New York: Taylor and Francis.
Carver, C. S., White T. L. (1994). Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment:The BIS/BAS Scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(2), 319-333.
Casale, S., & Fioravanti, G. (2017). Why narcissists are at risk for developing Facebook addiction:The need to be admired and the need to belong. Addictive Behaviors, 76, 312-318.
Corr, P. J. (2002) J. A. Gray’s reinforcement sensitivity theory: tests of the joint subsystems hypothesis of anxiety and impulsivity. Personality and Individual Differences, 33, 511–532.
Corr, P. J. (2008). Reinforcement sensitivity theory of personality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Deci, E. L. (1971). Effects of externally mediated rewards on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 18, 105‐115.
Eysenck H. J. (1967). The biological basis of personality. Springfield, IL: Thomas
Fourie, D. B. (2010). Narcissistic Behaviour and the Successful Conservation of Ambivalence. Psychological Reports, 106(1), 217-230
Foster, J. D., & Trimm, I. V. (2008). On being eager and uninhibited: Narcissism and approach–avoidance motivation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 1004–1017.
Franken, I. H., Muris, P., & Georgieva, I. (2006). Gray's model of personality and addiction. Addictive Behaviors, 31(3), 399-403.
Franken, I. H. (2002). Behavioral approach system(BAS) sensitivity predicts alcohol craving. Personality and Individual Differences, 32(2), 349-355.
Franken, I. H., & Muris, P. (2006). Personality characteristics and college students’ substance use. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(7), 1497-1503.
Gabbard, G. O. (1998). Transference and countertransference in the treatment of narcissistic patients. In E. F. Ronningstam (Ed.), Disorders of narcissism: Diagnostic, clinical, and empirical implications. 125-145, Arlington, VA:American Psychiatric Association.
Gentile, B., Twenge, J. M., Freeman, E. C., & Campbell, W. K. (2012). The effect of social networking websites on positive self-views: An experimental investigation. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(5), 1929-1933.
Gray, J. A. (1981). A critique of Eysenck s theory of personality. In H. J. Eysenck (Ed.), A model for personality (pp. 246–276). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
Gray, J. A. (1982). The neuropsychology of anxiety:an enquiry into the functions of the septo-hippocampal system. Washington: Oxford University Press.
Gray, J. A. (1987). Perspectives on anxiety and impulsivity: A commentary. Journal of Research in Personality, 21, 493–509.
Gray, J. A. (1991). Brain Systems that Mediate both Emotion and Cognition. Cognition and Emotion 4(3), 269-288.
Griffiths, M. (2005). A ‘components’ model of addiction within a biopsychosocial framework. Journal of Substance Use 10(4), 191-197.
Hayes, A. F. (2013). Process macro를 이용한 매개분석 조절분석 및 조절된 매개분석[Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach](이형권 역), 파주: 신영사.
Hart, W., Adams, J., Burton, K. A., & Tortoriello, G. K. (2017). Narcissism and self-presentation:Profiling grandiose and vulnerable Narcissists'self-presentation tactic use. Personality and Individual Differences 104, 48-57.
Hamill, T. S., Pickett, S. M., Amsbaugh, H. M., & Aho, K. M. (2015). Mindfulness and acceptance in relation to Behavioral Inhibition System sensitivity and psychological distress. Personality and Individual Differences, 72, 24-29.
Hendin, H. M., & Cheek, J. M. (1997). Assessing hypersensitivity narcissism: A reexamination of Murray's Narcism Scale. Journal of Research in Personality, 31, 588-599.
Hundt, N. E., Kimbrel, N. A., Mitchell, J. T., & Nelson-Gray, R. O. (2008). High BAS, but not low BIS, predicts externalizing symptoms in adults. Personality and Individual Differences, 44(3), 565-575.
Hundt, N. E, Nelson-Gray, R. O., Kimbrel, N. A., Mitchell, J. T., & Kwapil, T. R. (2007). The interaction of reinforcement sensitivity and life events in the prediction of anhedonic depression and mixed anxiety-depression symptoms. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 1001–1012.
Kasch, K. L., Rottenberg J., Arnow B. A., Gotlib, I. H. (2002). Behavioral Activation and Inhibition Systems and the Severity and Course of Depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111(4), 589-597
Kernberg, O. F. (1975). Borderline condition and pathological narcissism. New York: Jason Aronson
Kimbrel, N. A. Mitchell, J. T., & Nelson-Gray, R. O. (2011). An examination of the relationship between behavioral approach system(BAS)sensitivity and social interaction anxiety. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24, 372-378.
Kohut, H. (1977). The restoration of the self. Madison, CT: International Universities Press.
Kline, T. J. (2005). Psychological testing: A practical approach to design and evaluation. CA: Sage Publications.
Kuss, D, J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2011). Online Social Networking and Addiction—A Review of the Psychological Literature. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 8(9), 3528-3552.
Kuss, D, J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). Social Networking Sites and Addiction: Ten Lessons Learned. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 14(3), 311.
MacLaren, V. V., & Best, L. A. (2013). Disagreeable narcissism mediates an effect of BAS on addictive behaviors. Personality and Individual Differences, 55(2), 101-105.
McCain, J. L., & Campbell, W. K. (2018). Narcissism and social media use: A meta-analytic review. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 7(3), 308-327.
Morf, C. C., & Rhodewalt, F. (2001). Unraveling the Paradoxes of Narcissism: A Dynamic Self-Regulatory Processing Model. Psychological Inquiry, 12(4), 177-196.
Mortensen, J. A., Lehn, H., Evensmoen, H. R., & Haberg, A. K. (2015). Evidence for an antagonistic interaction between reward and punishment sensitivity on striatal activity: A verification of the Joint Subsystems Hypothesis. Personality and Individual Differences, 74, 214–219.
Muris, P., Meesters, C., Spinder, M. (2003). Relationships between child- and parent-reported behavioural inhibition and symptoms of anxiety and depression in normal adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 34(5), 759-771.
O'Connor, R. M., Stewart, S. H., Watt, M. C. (2009). Distinguishing BAS risk for university students’drinking, smoking, and gambling behaviors. Psonality and Individual Differences, 46(4), 514-519.
Pickering, A., Gray, J. A., (2001). Dopamine, appetitive reinforcement, and the neuropsychology of human learning: an individual differences approach. In A. Eliasz & A. Angleitner (Eds.). Advances in individual differences research. (113-149). Lengerich, Germany: PABST Science Publishers.
Pincus, A. L., & Ansell, E. B. (2009). Initial Construction and Validation of the PathologicalNarcissism Inventory.Psychological Assessment, 21(3), 365-379.
Pincus, A. L., & Lukowitsky, M. R. (2010). Pathological narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6, 421-446.
Preacher, K. J., Rucker, D. D., & Hayes, A. F. (2007), Assessing moderated mediation hypothesis:Theory, methods, and prescriptions. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 42(1), 185-227.
Raskin, R., & Terry, H. (1988). A principalcomponent analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and further evidence of its construct validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(5), 890-902.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2008). A self-determination approach to psychotherapy:The motivational basis for effective change. Psychology, 49(3), 186-193.
Shaffer, H. J., LaPlante, D. A., LaBrie, R. A., Kidman, R. C., Donato, A. N., & Stanton, M. V. (2004). Toward a syndrome model of addiction: Multiple expressions, common etiology. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 12(6), 367-374.
Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7(4), 422-445.
Soler, J., Vega, D., Elices, M., Feliu-Soler, A., Soto, À., Martín-Blanco, A., Marco-Pallarés, J., Torrubia, R., & Pascual, J. C. (2014). Testing the reinforcement sensitivity theory in borderline personality disorder compared with major depression and healthy controls. Personality and Individual Differences, 61(62) 43-46.
Spencer, C. C., Foster, J. D., & Bedwell, J. S. (2017). Structural Relationships Among the Revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory and Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism. Journal of Personality Disorders, 32(5), 654-667.
Taylor, J., Reeves, M., James, L., & Bobadilla, L. (2006). Disinhibitory trait profile and its relation to Cluster B personality disorder features and substance use problems. European Journal of Personality, 20, 271-284.
Torrubia, R., Avila, C., Molto, J., Caseras, X. (2001). The Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ) as a measure of Gray's anxiety and impulsivity dimensions. Personality and Individual Differences. 31(6). 837-862.
Weiss, D. E. (2013). The Relationship between Internet Social Networking, Social Anxiety, Self Esteem, Narcissism, and Gender among College Students. Departement of Psychology, Pace University. New York.
Wu, A. D., & Zumbo, B. D. (2008). Understanding and using mediators and moderators. Social Indicators and Research, 87(3), 367-392.
- Downloaded
- Viewed
- 0KCI Citations
- 0WOS Citations