본 연구는 호우, 태풍, 지진을 경험한 피해자의 PTSD유형을 비PTSD집단, PTSD 단독집단, PTSD 공병집단으로 구분하여 PTSD 단독집단과 PTSD 공병집단에 속하게 될 가능성에 영향을 미치는 심리사회적요인을 검증하고자 하였다. 연구대상은 국립재난안전연구원의 ‘재난피해자패널조사’ 2차 년도 자료 중 자연재난에 노출된 572명으로 개인요인, 외상요인, 환경요인, 인구통계학적요인을 독립변수로 설정하고 PTSD 집단유형을 종속변수로 설정하여 다항로지스틱회귀분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 개인요인에서는 재난 전에 신체질환을 경험했던 개인일수록 PTSD 공병집단에 속할 가능성이 유의미하게 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 재난 전에 정신 병력이 있는 개인일수록 PTSD 단독집단과 PTSD 공병집단 모두에 속할 가능성이 유의미하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 외상요인에서는 재난 당시에 생명의 위협을 경험했거나 재난으로 인한 신체 상해 또는 질병피해 경험은 PTSD 단독집단과 PTSD 공병집단 모두에 속할 가능성을 유의미하게 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 재난 당시에 지인의 상해 또는 사망을 목격한 경험은 PTSD 공병집단에 속할 가능성을 유의미하게 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 환경요인에서는 재난 이후에 지각된 사회적 지지와 재난 이후에 제공 받는 서비스 배분 과정에서의 만족도가 높을수록 PTSD 공병집단에 속할 가능성이 유의미하게 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 인구사회학적요인에서는 남성은 여성에 비해 PTSD 공병집단에 속할 가능성이 유의미하게 낮았으며, 재난 후 월수입이 높을수록 PTSD 단독집단에 속할 가능성이 유의미하게 낮아졌다. 본 연구결과는 PTSD 증상을 이해하기 위해서는 개인 및 개인을 둘러싼 다차원적인 요인들을 고려해야 하며 PTSD 공병집단의 경우에는 PTSD 증상만을 보이는 재난 경험자들 보다 더 많은 위험요인과 보호요인의 영향을 받는 다는 것을 검증하였다는 데에 의의가 있다.
This purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the psychological and social factors on Non-PTSD group, PTSD-only group, and PTSD cormorbid group. The subjects of this study were 572 participants who experienced natural disasters recruited as a part of the ‘Disaster Victim Panel Survey (wave 2)’ collected by the National Disaster Management Research Institute. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the effects of psychosocial factors on PTSD groups using the SPSS Statistics Program 23 version and the Non-PTSD group was set as a reference group. First, ‘physical illness before the disaster’ significantly increased the likelihood of belonging to the PTSD comorbid group and ‘psychiatric problems before the disaster’ significantly increased the likelihood of belonging to the PTSD-only and the PTSD comorbid group. Second, ‘perceived life threat during the disaster’ and ‘injury or illness experience because of the disaster’ significantly increased the likelihood of belonging to the PTSD-only and the PTSD comorbid group. ‘Witnessing injury or death of family members or friends’ significantly increased the likelihood of belonging to the PTSD comorbid group. Third, ‘perceived social support’ and ‘satisfaction with disaster aid’ significantly decreased the likelihood of belonging to the PTSD comorbid group. Last, males had significantly less likelihood of belonging to the PTSD comorbid group and higher monthly incomes significantly decreased the likelihood of belonging to the PTSD-only group. It is important that consider that the PTSD comorbid group has found that more risk and protection factors are affected than those with PTSD-only symptoms.
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