사회적 배척 상황에서 경계선 성격장애 경향군의 도구적 정서조절
Interpersonal Instrumental Emotion Regulation of Young Adults with Borderline Personality Trait in a Social Situation
임종민 (경북대학교)
곽호완 (경북대학교)
장문선 (경북대학교)
이종환 (육군사관학교 심리경영학과)
초록
본 연구는 사회적 배척 경험이 경계선 성격장애 경향군의 도구적 동기로 유발된 대인관계적 정서조절에 미치는 영향을 검증해보고 그에 따른 경계선 성격장애 특성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 먼저, 대학생 520명을 대상으로 PAI-BOR 척도를 실시한 후, 경계선 경향군 집단(50명)과 통제집단(50명)을 선발하여 실험 참가자 간 공을 주고 받는 게임인 Cyberball(Ball tossing game)을 실시하였으며, 실험 참가자에게는 공이 가지 않도록 설계하여 사회적 상황에서 참가자의 소외감을 유발하였고 실험 전후로 정서경험척도를 사용하여 게임시행에 따른 정서변화를 측정하였다. 이후 같은 게임에서 총 4명의 참가자를 두 명씩 짝지어 팀을 나누고 참가자의 파트너가 공을 받아내는 정도에 따라 자신에게 금전적인 이익이 주어지는 상황을 부여하였으며, 이 상황에서 파트너에게 의도적으로 유발하고 싶은 각 정서(부정, 중립)의 강도와 정서의 유용성을 측정하여 도구적 정서조절을 평가하였다. 연구결과, 다른 집단에 비해 배척상황에서 경계선 성격장애 경향군의 유발된 소외감 정도가 더 높았으며, 파트너에게 제시하는 부정정서의 강도가 유의하게 높았다. 수용 상황의 경계선 성격장애 경향군과 통제집단은 서로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 경계선 성격장애 경향군 내에서도 상황에 따라 수용상황에 비해 배척상황에서 부정정서의 강도가 유의하게 높았다. 정서 유용성에서는 배척상황의 경계선 성격장애 경향군이 통제집단보다 유의하게 낮은 평가를 하였다. 이는 경계선 성격장애 경향군이 사회적 배척상황에서 정서조절의 어려움을 겪으며, 상황적 맥락에 맞는 정서를 활용하지 못하고 타인에게도 부정정서를 제시함으로써 사회적 상황에서 대인관계 문제가 유발될 수 있음을 시사한다.
- keywords
- 경계선 성격장애, 정서조절곤란, 대인관계적 정서조절, 도구적 정서조절, Cyberball, Borderline personality disorder, emotion dysregulation, interpersonal emotion regulation. instrumental emotion regulation, Cyberballl
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate that the social exclusion situation influence interpersonal emotion regulation induced by instrumental motivation in undergraduate students with borderline personality trait, and to confirm their characteristics. The borderline personality trait group(n=50) and the control group(n=50) were selected among 520 students based on scores on the PAI-BOR scale. Two groups played the game called Cyberball(Virtual Ball Tossing Game), a game in which a ball is passed between four people in the experiment. The game is designed so that participants cannot receive a ball, so as to arouse their sense of isolation. We asked them to evaluate their emotions by using the Emotional Experience Scale before and after the game and measured their emotional changes. Then, when people were teamed with two individuals each and given the opportunity to receive a monetary benefit in accordance with the number of times their partner received the ball, the participant evaluated interpersonal instrumental emotion regulation by selecting the intensity of each emotion(negative, neutral) and value of the emotion they wanted to induce to their partner. In comparison with the other groups, the borderline personality trait group in the exclusion situation experienced more of a sense of isolation, and selected significantly higher intensity of the negative emotion presented to their partner. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups (borderline personality trait, control) in the inclusion situation. In terms of value of the emotions, the borderline personality trait group in the exclusion situation evaluated significantly lower than control group. As a result, these findings suggest interpersonal instrumental emotion dysregulation of the borderline personality trait group in a social exclusion situation, which can lead to interpersonal dysfunctions by using inappropriate emotion.
- keywords
- 경계선 성격장애, 정서조절곤란, 대인관계적 정서조절, 도구적 정서조절, Cyberball, Borderline personality disorder, emotion dysregulation, interpersonal emotion regulation. instrumental emotion regulation, Cyberballl
참고문헌
박태진, 박선희 (2009). IAPS 자극에 대한 한국 대학생의 정서 평가. 인지과학, 20(2), 183-195.
석현정, 정상훈, 박종민, 박진영, 정은빛 (2007). 그림이미지의 색조 변화에 따른 감성적 반응연구. Archives of Design Research, 20(5), 229-238.
우희정 (2014). 경계선 성격특성이 대인관계 문제에 미치는 영향: 정서조절곤란, 거절민감성의 매개효과. 서울여자대학교 특수치료전문대학원 석사학위 청구논문.
이종환, 곽호완, 이상일, 장문선 (2013). 경계선 성격장애 성향군의 정서조절 능력. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 32(3), 543-565.
홍상황, 김영환 (1998). 경계선 성격장애 척도의 타탕화연구: 대학생을 대상으로. 한국심리학회: 임상, 17(1), 258-271.
홍수연, 이승연 (2013). 아동기에 경험한 정서적 학대와성인기 경계선 성격장애 성향의 관계: 정서인식의 명확성과 경험적 회피의 매개효과. 상담학연구, 14(5), 3003-3021
홍창희 (2004). 한국정서경험척도의 개발과 타당화 연구. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology. 23(2), 771-787(17쪽)
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®). American Psychiatric Pub.
Ayduk, Ö., Zayas, V., Downey, G., Cole, A. B., Shoda, Y., & Mischel, W. (2008). Rejection sensitivity and executive control: Joint predictors of borderline personality features. Journal of Research in Personality, 42(1), 151-168.
Bateman, A. W., & Fonagy, P. (2004). Mentalizationbased treatment of BPD. Journal of Personality Disorders, 18(1), 36-51.
Berenson, K. R., Downey, G., Rafaeli, E., Coifman, K. G., & Paquin, N. L. (2011). The rejection–rage contingency in borderline personality disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120(3), 681-690.
Bonanno, G. A. (2001). Emotion self-regulation. In T. J. Mayne & G. A. Bonanno (Eds.), Emotions:Current issues and future directions (pp. 251–285). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Butler, E. A., & Randall, A. K. (2013). Emotional coregulation in close relationships. Emotion Review, 5(2), 202-210.
Campos, J. J., Campos, R. G., & Barrett, K. C. (1989). Emergent themes in the study of emotional development and emotion regulation. Developmental Psychology, 25(3), 394.
Campos, J. J., Walle, E. A., Dahl, A., & Main, A. (2011). Reconceptualizing emotion regulation. Emotion Review, 3(1), 26-35.
Chapman, A. L., Walters, K. N., & Gordon, K. L. D. (2014). Emotional reactivity to social rejection and negative evaluation among persons with borderline personality features. Journal of Personality Disorders, 28(5), 720-733.
Clarkin, J. F., Levy, K. N., Lenzenweger, M. F., & Kernberg, O. F. (2004). The Personality Disorders Institute/Borderline Personality Disorder Research Foundation randomized control trial for borderline personality disorder: rationale, methods, and patient characteristics. Journal of Personality Disorders, 18(1), 52-72.
Delplanque, S., N’diaye, K., Scherer, K., & Grandjean, D. (2007). Spatial frequencies or emotional effects?: A systematic measure of spatial frequencies for IAPS pictures by a discrete wavelet analysis. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 165(1), 144-150.
Domsalla, M., Koppe, G., Niedtfeld, I., Vollstädt-Klein, S., Schmahl, C., Bohus, M., & Lis, S. (2013). Cerebral processing of social rejection in patients with borderline personality disorder. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 9(11), 1789-1797.
Euler, S., Nolte, T., Constantinou, M., Griem, J., Montague, P. R., Fonagy, P., & Personality and Mood Disorders Research Network. (2019). Interpersonal Problems in Borderline Personality Disorder: Associations with Mentalizing, Emotion Regulation, and Impulsiveness. Journal of Personality Disorders, 1-17.
Gross, J. J. (2002). Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive, and social consequences. Psychophysiology, 39(3), 281-291.
Gross, J. J., & Thompson, R. A. (2007). Emotion regulation: Conceptual foundations.In J.J. Gross(Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation New York: Guilford Press
Gross, J. J., Sheppes, G., & Urry, H. L. (2011). Cognition and emotion lecture at the 2010 SPSP Emotion Preconference: Emotion generation and emotion regulation: A distinction we should make (carefully). Cognition & Emotion, 25(5), 765-781.
Gunderson, J. G., & Lyons-Ruth, K. (2008). BPD's interpersonal hypersensitivity phenotype: A gene-environment-developmental model. Journal of Personality Disorders, 22(1), 22-41.
Gunderson, J. G., Gratz, K. L., Neuhaus, E. C., & Smith, G. W. (2005). Levels of care in treatment. The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of personality disorders, 239-256.
Gyurak, A., & Ayduk, Ö. (2008). Resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia buffers against rejection sensitivity via emotion control. Emotion, 8(4), 458-467.
Herr, N. R., Rosenthal, M. Z., Geiger, P. J., & Erikson, K. (2013). Difficulties with emotion regulation mediate the relationship between borderline personality disorder symptom severity and interpersonal problems. Personality and Mental Health, 7(3), 191-202.
Kim, H. K., Pears, K. C., Capaldi, D. M., & Owen, L. D. (2009). Emotion dysregulation in the intergenerational transmission of romantic relationship conflict. Journal of Family Psychology, 23(4), 585-595.
Lakey, B., & Orehek, E. (2011). Relational regulation theory: a new approach to explain the link between perceived social support and mental health. Psychological Review, 118(3), 482-495.
Lang, P. J. (2008). International affective picture system (IAPS): Affective ratings of pictures and instruction manual. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL:Technical report A-8.
Levine, D., Marziali, E., & Hood, J. (1997). Emotion processing in borderline personality disorders. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 185(4), 240-246.
Linehan, M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York:Guilford press.
Linehan, M. M., Heard, H. L., & Armstrong, H. E. (1993). Naturalistic follow-up of a behavioral treatment for chronically parasuicidal borderline patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50(12), 971-974.
Limberg, A., Barnow, S., Freyberger, H. J., & Hamm, A. O. (2011). Emotional vulnerability in borderline personality disorder is cue specific and modulated by traumatization. Biological Psychiatry, 69(6), 574-582.
McGlashan, T. H., Grilo, C. M., Sanislow, C. A., Ralevski, E., Morey, L. C., Gunderson, J. G, Skodol, A. E, Shea, M. T, Zanarini, M. C, Bender, D, & Stout, R. L. (2005). Two-year prevalence and stability of individual DSM-IV criteria for schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders:toward a hybrid model of axis II disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(5), 883-889.
Meyer, B., Ajchenbrenner, M., & Bowles, D. P. (2005). Sensory sensitivity, attachment experiences, and rejection responses among adults with borderline and avoidant features. Journal of Personality Disorders, 19(6), 641-658.
Morey, L. C. (1991). Personality assessment inventory. Odessa, FL: Pyschological Assessment Resources.
Netzer, L., Van Kleef, G. A., & Tamir, M. (2015). Interpersonal instrumental emotion regulation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 58, 124-135.
Niven, K., Totterdell, P., & Holman, D. (2009). A classification of controlled interpersonal affect regulation strategies. Emotion, 9(4), 498.
Niven, K., Totterdell, P., Holman, D., & Headley, T. (2012). Does regulating others' feelings influence people's own affective well-being?. The Journal of Social Psychology, 152(2), 246-260.
Parkinson, B. (2011). Interpersonal emotion transfer:Contagion and social appraisal. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5(7), 428-439.
Renneberg, B., Herm, K., Hahn, A., Staebler, K., Lammers, C. H., & Roepke, S. (2012). Perception of social participation in borderline personality disorder. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 19(6), 473-480.
Sadikaj, G., Russell, J. J., Moskowitz, D. S., & Paris, J. (2010). Affect dysregulation in individuals with borderline personality disorder: Persistence and interpersonal triggers. Journal of Personality Assessment, 92(6), 490-500.
Schmahl, C., Herpertz, S. C., Bertsch, K., Ende, G., Flor, H., Kirsch, P., ..., & Spanagel, R. (2014). Mechanisms of disturbed emotion processing and social interaction in borderline personality disorder: state of knowledge and research agenda of the German Clinical Research Unit. Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation, 1(1), 3-17.
Staebler, K., Renneberg, B., Stopsack, M., Fiedler, P., Weiler, M., & Roepke, S. (2011). Facial emotional expression in reaction to social exclusion in borderline personality disorder. Psychological Medicine, 41(9), 1929-1938.
Stepp, S. D., Scott, L. N., Morse, J. Q., Nolf, K. A., Hallquist, M. N., & Pilkonis, P. A. (2014). Emotion dysregulation as a maintenance factor of borderline personality disorder features. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 55(3), 657-666.
Tamir, M. (2009). What do people want to feel and why? Pleasure and utility in emotion regulation. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18(2), 101-105.
Tamir, M. (2011). The maturing field of emotion regulation. Emotion Review, 3(1), 3-7.
Thompson, R. A. (2011). Emotion and emotion regulation: Two sides of the developing coin. Emotion Review, 3(1), 53-61.
Tragesser, S. L., & Robinson, R. J. (2009). The role of affective instability and UPPS impulsivity in borderline personality disorder features. Journal of Personality Disorders, 23(4), 370-383.
Tragesser, S. L., Solhan, M., Schwartz-Mette, R., & Trull, T. J. (2007). The role of affective instability and impulsivity in predicting future BPD features. Journal of Personality Disorders, 21(6), 603-614.
Williams, K. D. (2002). Ostracism: The power of silence. New York: Guilford Press.
Williams, K., Teager, D., Cheung, C., & Choi, W. (2016). Cyberball (version 5.2.9)[Software]. Retrieved April 21st, 2016.
Zaki, J., & Williams, W. C. (2013). Interpersonal emotion regulation. Emotion, 13(5), 803-810.
- 다운로드 수
- 조회수
- 0KCI 피인용수
- 0WOS 피인용수