ISSN : 1229-0653
본 연구는 자기고양적 행위에 관한 문화비교적 차이가 국내에서 이론적으로 재현될 수 있는지, 아울러 한국인의 자기고양적 행위 양상은 어떠한지를 보기 위하여 이루어졌다. 이를 위해 기존 연구(Heine, Kitayama, Lehman, Takata, Ide, Leung, & Matsumoto, 2001)에서 사용된 실험절차를 차용한 복제 연구를 수행하면서, 자존감 수준을 변인으로 도입하여 조절효과를 검증하였다. 대학생을 대상으로 Rosenberg(1965) 척도를 사용하여 자존감이 높은 사람(HSE)과 낮은 사람(LSE)을 뽑아서 창의성검사(K-RAT) 과제를 수행하도록 하고, 수행결과를 성공과 실패로 처치하여 알려 주었다. 이어지는 상황에서 난이도가 다른 K-RAT 과제를 수행하는 기회를 부여하고 과제지속시간을 측정하여 분석한 결과, 자존감 수준과 과제수행 조건의 상호작용이 유의미하였다. HSE 사람들은 실패조건에서 보다 성공조건에서 현저히 과제에 매달리는 시간이 길게 나타나 자기고양적 행위양상을 뚜렷이 보였으나, LSE 사람들은 처치조건간의 차이가 없었다. 본 연구의 두 유형의 사람들의 반응을 통합한 결과를 Heine 등(2001)의 연구결과와 비교한 결과 일본인과 달리 캐나다인들의 반응양상과 매우 흡사한 것으로 나타났다. 국내에서 HSE 사람들의 특징, 자존감의 문화적 기반 및 한국사회의 분석에 대한 연구문제를 논의하였다.
The present study had two purposes. First, it attempted to replicate conceptually in Korea the cross- cultural study conducted by Heine, Kitayama, Lehman, Takata, Ide, Leung, & Matsumoto(2001). To do so, we employed the level of self-esteem (SE) as a moderating variable in self-enhancing behavior. Second, it investigated whether the Koreans would show the Japanese cultural pattern of behavior reported in the previous study (Heine et al., 2001) in which the Japanese students showed self-improving motivation while the Canadian students showed self-enhancing motivation. Three versions, varying in difficulty levels, of Korean Remote Association Test (K-RAT) were constructed. Rosenberg's self-esteem(SE) scale was used to select 24 high SE people and 24 low SE among 120 university students of both sexes. Half of each SE groups was randomly assigned to the difficult K-RAT test (Failure condition) and half was to the easy K-RAT test (Success condition). Following the performance feedback of either success or failure, the subjects were given the opportunity to work on another K-RAT (medium difficulty level) up to 15 minutes. The persisting time on the second K-RAT was measured as the major dependent variable. As hypothesized, a significant interaction effect of SE level and feedback condition was found, F(1, 44)=5.62, p<.05. The pattern showed that the high SE people persisted more in the success feedback than in the failure feedback but the low SE people persisted about equally in both feedback conditions. So, the Canadian pattern of Heine et al' study was obtained among the high SE, but the Japanese pattern was not observed. Taken together, the overall pattern shown by the Korean students resembles more of Canadian than of Japanese. The results indicate the validity of SE as a moderator of self-enhancing tendency and warn against the wholesale treatment of East Asian culture.
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