바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology

ISSN : 1229-0653

Article Contents

Prev Next
e-Submission

Vol.22 No.1
Citation Share

Does Superior or Inferior Others Influence Self-evaluation?：Focusing on Korean and American College Students

Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology / Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, (P)1229-0653;
2008, v.22 no.1, pp.43-61
https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2008.22.1.003

(2008). Does Superior or Inferior Others Influence Self-evaluation?：Focusing on Korean and American College Students. Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, 22(1), 43-61, https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2008.22.1.003
  • Downloaded
  • Viewed
PDF Download

Abstract

This study investigated whether self-evaluation is influenced by superior or inferior others. In addition, on the basis of the perspective that self-improvement motive is dominant among people from collectivistic cultures and self-enhancement motive is dominant among people from individualistic cultures, the role of cultural difference was also explored. For this purpose, with the design of 2 (success / failure experience) × 2 (upward / downward comparison) × 2 (high / low frequency of comparison), the effects of those variables on global self-evaluation were tested among Korean and American college students. The main results were as follows: Koreans' self-evaluation after upward comparison was not affected by experiences of success and failure. Meanwhile, self-evaluation after downward comparison were lowered by experiencing failure. In addition, their self-evaluation got lowered by frequent upward comparison after experiencing success and by frequent downward comparison after experiencing failure. American students' self-evaluation after downward comparison was not affected by the frequency of comparison. However, self-evaluation after upward comparison increased through frequent comparisons. Additionally, global self-evaluation got higher by the frequency of upward comparison after experiencing failure. Finally, results of the present study were discussed in line with previous research and the limitations of this study and the implications for future studies were discussed.

keywords
사회비교, 자기평가, 상향비교, 하향비교, 인지적 관점, 동기적 관점, 사회비교동기, 문화 차이, Social comparison, Self-evaluation, Upward comparison, Downward comparison, Cognitive perspective, Motivational perspective, Social comparison motives, Cross- cultural perspective

Reference

1.

한덕웅 ; 장은영, (2003) 사회비교가 분노경험, 주관안녕 및 건강지각에 미치는 영향, 한국심리학회지: 건강

2.

장은영 ; 한덕웅, (2004) 사회비교의 목표, 대상 및 결과가 비교대상의 선택에 미치는 영향, 한국심리학회지: 사회및성격

3.

Herr, P.M., (1986) Consequences of priming：Judgment and behavior, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

4.

Brown, J. D., (1992) When Gulliver travels：Social context, psychological closeness, and self-appraisals, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

5.

Eagly, A.H., (1993) The psychology of attitudes, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich

6.

Heine, S.J., (1999) Culture, self- discrepancies, and self-satisfaction, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

7.

Fabrigar, L. R., (1998) The impact of attitude accessibility on elaboration of persuasive messages, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

8.

Heine, S. J., (2001) Divergent consequences of success and failure in Japan and North America：An investigation of self-improving motivations and malleable selves, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

9.

Hetts, J.J., (1999) Two- roads to positive regard：Implicit and explicit self- evaluation and culture, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

10.

Hofstede, G., (1980) Culture's consequences：Interna- tional differences in work-related values, Sage

11.

Kitayama, S., (1997) Individual and collective processes in the construction of the self：Self- enhancement in the United States and self-criticism in Japan, Journal of Personality and Social Psy- chology

12.

Kruglanski, W.A., (1990) Classic and current social comparison research：Expanding the perspective, Psychological Bulletin

13.

Lockwood, P., (1997) Superstars and me：Predicting the impact of role models on the self, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

14.

Mussweiler, T., (2001) Focus of comparison as a deter- minant of assimilation versus contrast in social comparison, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

15.

Mussweiler, T., (2003) “Everything is relative”. Com- parison processes in social judgment, European Journal of Social Psychology

16.

Mussweiler, T., (2002) I know you are but what am I? Self-evaluative consequences of judging ingroup and outgroup members, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

17.

Mussweiler, T., (2004) The man who wasn´t there. Subliminal social standards influence self-evaluation, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

18.

Mussweiler, T., (1999) Hypothesis- consistent testing and semantic priming in the anchoring paradigm：A selective accessibility model, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

19.

Mussweiler, T., (2000) Numeric judgment under uncertainty：The role of knowledge in anchoring, Journal of Experimental Social Psychol- ogy

20.

Pelham, B.W., (1995) The waxing and waning of the social self：Assimilation and contrast in social comparison, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

21.

Petty, R.E., (1986) Communication and persuasion：Central and peripheral routes to attitude change, Springer-Verlag

22.

Schwinghammer, S. A., (2006) Different selves have different effects：Self-activation and defensive social comparison, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

23.

Stapel, D.A., (2004) From seeing to believing：Subliminal social comparisons affect implicit and explicit self-evaluations, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

24.

Stapel, D.A., (2000) Distinctness of others and malleability of selves：Their impact on social comparison effects, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

25.

Stapel, D.A., (2001) I, we, and the effects of others on me：How self-construal level moderates social comparison effects, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

26.

Stapel, D.A., (2007) Distinctiveness is key：How different types of self-other similarity moderate social comparison effects, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

27.

Taylor, S.E., (1996) Social comparison, self-regulation, and motivation in : Motivation & Cognition, Guilford Press

28.

Trampe, D., (2007) On models and vases：Body dissatisfaction and proneness to social comparison effects, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

29.

Triandis, H.C., (1989) The self and social behavior in differing culture contexts, Psychological Review

30.

White, K., (2005) Culture and social comparison seeking：The role of self-motives, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology

e-Submission OA Policy