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Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology

ISSN : 1229-0653

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Vol.22 No.1

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Does Superior or Inferior Others Influence Self-evaluation?：Focusing on Korean and American College Students

Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology / Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, (P)1229-0653;
2008, v.22 no.1, pp.43-61
https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2008.22.1.003

(2008). Does Superior or Inferior Others Influence Self-evaluation?：Focusing on Korean and American College Students. Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, 22(1), 43-61, https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2008.22.1.003

Abstract

This study investigated whether self-evaluation is influenced by superior or inferior others. In addition, on the basis of the perspective that self-improvement motive is dominant among people from collectivistic cultures and self-enhancement motive is dominant among people from individualistic cultures, the role of cultural difference was also explored. For this purpose, with the design of 2 (success / failure experience) × 2 (upward / downward comparison) × 2 (high / low frequency of comparison), the effects of those variables on global self-evaluation were tested among Korean and American college students. The main results were as follows: Koreans' self-evaluation after upward comparison was not affected by experiences of success and failure. Meanwhile, self-evaluation after downward comparison were lowered by experiencing failure. In addition, their self-evaluation got lowered by frequent upward comparison after experiencing success and by frequent downward comparison after experiencing failure. American students' self-evaluation after downward comparison was not affected by the frequency of comparison. However, self-evaluation after upward comparison increased through frequent comparisons. Additionally, global self-evaluation got higher by the frequency of upward comparison after experiencing failure. Finally, results of the present study were discussed in line with previous research and the limitations of this study and the implications for future studies were discussed.

keywords
사회비교, 자기평가, 상향비교, 하향비교, 인지적 관점, 동기적 관점, 사회비교동기, 문화 차이, Social comparison, Self-evaluation, Upward comparison, Downward comparison, Cognitive perspective, Motivational perspective, Social comparison motives, Cross- cultural perspective

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