An Effect of Decision Rule on the Stability of Mock Juries' Verdicts

집단의 외부로부터 주어진 규범으로서 의사결정규칙이 집단행동에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해, 만장일치규칙과 다수결규칙의 배심단에서 내린 평결의 안정성이 서로 달라지는지를 비교하였다. 평결의 안정성이란 같은 사건에 대해 다른 배심단들이 동일한 결정을 하는 정도로서 정확한 평결을 위한 중요한 전제조건이다. 640 명의 대학생들이 8인 배심단 80 개에 모의배심원으로 참가하여 정당방위를 주장하는 살인사건에 대하여 만장일치규칙 혹은 다수결규칙으로 평의하고 평결을 도출하였다. 재판 자료는 피고인의 유죄와 무죄에 대하여 강한 증거가 서로 상충되는 경우, 무죄 증거가 강한 경우, 유죄증거가 강한 경우, 증거가 모호한 경우의 4 가지 증거상태 조건으로 제시되었다. 그 결과, 정보엔트로피 개념으로 파악한 평결의 안정성이 다수결규칙보다 만장일치규칙의 배심단에서 더 높게 나타났다. 만장일치규칙에서 배심단들이 더 안정적인 평결을 내린 이유는 특히 사건의 증거가 상충되거나 모호한 조건에서 다수결규칙에 비해 이들의 평결이 사건의 객관적인 증거상태와 더 부합하기 때문이다. 또한 평의의 내용을 분석한 결과 ‘관용계약(leniency contract)’ 이론(Crano & Chen, 1998) 이 예측하는 바와 같이 만장일치 규칙의 배심원들이 평의 동안 소수의견에 더 개방적이기 때문인 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구의 결과가 국민참여재판에 가지는 함의가 논의되었다.

keywords: Keywords: Decision rule, Jury, Stability of verdicts, 주요어：결정규칙, 배심단, 평결의 안정성

Abstract

The present study is to examine whether different decision rules as external norms imposed on the decision group affect the behavior and the final decision of the group differently. Specifically, based on the definition of the stability of jury verdicts as the degree to which different juries render the same verdict for the same case, the stability of mock juries' verdicts under the unanimity rule were compared with that under the simple majority rule. Eighty mock juries of 8 members for each deliberated and rendered verdicts for a murder case in which the defendant pleaded “not guilty” for the reason of self-defense. Half (40) of the juries rendered the verdict under the unanimity rule and the other half rendered the verdict under the simple majority rule. The juries under each of the decision rules were again randomly assigned into four conditions of evidence state：conflicting, exonerating, incriminating, and vague evidence states. The distribution of the verdicts under the unanimity rule yielded lower information entropy than the distribution under the simple majority rule, suggesting that the verdicts under the unanimity rule may be more stable than those under the simple majority rule. Two reasons for the higher stability of the verdicts under the unanimity rule were suggested：The verdicts under the unanimity rule, compared to those under the simple majority rule, correspond more closely to the objective state of the evidence specially in the conflicting and vague evidence condition; jurors deliberating under the unanimity rule are more open to the minority perspectives as predicted by the theory of leniency contract (Crano & Chen, 1998). Implications of the results for the trials by lay participation implemented in Korea were discussed.

keywords: Keywords: Decision rule, Jury, Stability of verdicts, 주요어：결정규칙, 배심단, 평결의 안정성

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논문 상세

Vol.23 No.1

결정규칙에 따른 모의배심단 평결의 안정성

An Effect of Decision Rule on the Stability of Mock Juries' Verdicts

초록

Abstract

참고문헌

한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격