바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

ACOMS+ 및 학술지 리포지터리 설명회

  • 한국과학기술정보연구원(KISTI) 서울분원 대회의실(별관 3층)
  • 2024년 07월 03일(수) 13:30
 

logo

정신장애인의 경쟁고용에 대한 대학생들의 태도 : 한국과 미국의 비교 연구

Attitudes toward the Employability of People with Mental isorders: Comparative Study of Korea and the U.S.

한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격 / Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, (P)1229-0653;
2009, v.23 no.4, pp.1-25
https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2009.23.4.001
류승아 (고려대학교)
  • 다운로드 수
  • 조회수

Abstract

Negative attitudes within a community have prevented people with mental illness from successful reintegration into their communities. In particular, the negative attitudes have caused lower rates of employment for people suffering from mental illness. The purpose of this research was to assess the attitudes of college students about employability (comparative employment) of people with mental disorders. In addition, school based education, and contact experience related to mental disorders were compared to the college students in the U.S. Data were collected via a web-based survey tool and a total of 475 students was used for a final data analysis. The findings of this study demonstrated that (1) Korean students showed more positive response toward appropriateness of competitive employment, whereas negative attitudes toward disadvantages of competitive employment than those of American students. (2) Korean students had lower rates of school-based education and contact frequency and negative contact feeling than counterparts. (3) Effective variables on employabilities were gender and contact feeling in Korean sample and social distance and contact feeling in American sample. Research findings would be useful in the workplace regarding interventions to reduce stigma toward people with mental illness. The interventions with personal contacts and positive public situations might positively influence a pont of views regarding people with mental disorders in workplace.

keywords
mental disorders, comparative job, stigma, prejudice, education, contact experience, 정신장애, 경쟁고용, 편견, 교육 경험, 접촉 경험

참고문헌

1.

김기범 (1996). 대인관계 속에서의 도덕성과 내집단-외집단 구별: 문화 비교 분석 연구. 중앙대학교 석사학위 청구논문.

2.

김상희, 손명자, 정현희 (2005). 정신장애인을 위한 직장 편의. 한국심리학회: 일반, 24(1), 1-22.

3.

김원경, 임경아 (2007). 아시아 중증장애인의 직업적 지원 및 고용촉진. Workablility International-ASIA연차 총회 세미나 자료. 5월 29일. 서울: 여성프라자. www.hssamo.co.kr에서 2008, 1, 9 인출.

4.

나훈환 (2007). 중증장애인을 위한 고용확대방안. Workablility International-ASIA 연차 총회세미나 자료. 5월 29일. 서울: 여성프라자. www.hssamo.co.kr에서 2008, 1, 9 인출.

5.

류승아 (2001). 정신장애인에 대한 태도에 영향을 주는 제 변인. 고려대학교 석사학위 청구논문.

6.

박정우, 백기청, 곽영숙 (1995). 일반인과 정신과 환자 보호자들의 정신질환에 대한 인식과 태도에 관한연구. 신경정신의학, 34(4), 1105-1118.

7.

박경희 (1994). 정신질환 및 정신질환자에 대한 사회복지사의 태도 연구. 이화여자대학교 석사학위 청구논문.

8.

손명자 (2006). 정신장애인을 위한 직업재활. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 25(1), 25-27.

9.

심성욱 (2003). 개인의 문화적 조화-부조화와 광고효과:잡지광고를 중심으로. 광고학연구, 14(4), 27-44.

10.

이선우, 김성희, 박정기, 권선진, 유동철 (2001). 장애유형별 고용현황과 직업재활방안. 서울: 한국보건사회연구원.

11.

이충렬, 김양호, 유철인, 이지호, 이헌 (2003). 한국에서의 정신질환과 업무적합성. 대한산업의학회지,5(3), 224-236.

12.

전병재 (1974). Self-esteem: A test of its measurability.연세논총, 11, 109-129.

13.

정경선 (1996). 정신질환자에 대한 사회복지전문요원의태도연구. 이화여자대학교 석사학위 청구논문.

14.

정금희 (1998). 정신질환교육이 고등학생들의 정신질환에 대한 태도에 미치는 영향. 원광대 석사학위 청구논문.

15.

최윤신 (1998). 일반인의 정신장애에 대한 태도조사. 협성대 석사학위 청구논문.

16.

Ahn, T., & Elizabeth, S. (1980). Counseling Asians: Psychotherapy in the context of racism and Asian-American history. American Journal of Ortho Psychiatry, 50, 76-86.

17.

Ahrens, C. S., Frey, J. L., & Burke, S. C. (1999). An individualized job engagement approach for persons with severe mental illness. The Journal of Rehabilitation, 65, 17-24.

18.

Alexander, L. A., & Link, B. G. (2003). The impact of contact on stigmatising attitudes toward people with mental illness. Journal of Mental Health, 12(3), 271-289.

19.

Al-Issa, I. (1995). Handbook of culture and mental illness: An international perspective. Madison, CT: International University Press.

20.

Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Cambridge. MA: Addison-Wesley.

21.

Angermeyer, M. C., Buyantugs, L., Kenzine, D. V., & Matschinger, H. (2004). Effects of labeling on public attitudes towards people with schizophrenia: Are there cultural differences? Acta Psychiatric Scandinavian, 109(6), 420-425.

22.

Anthony, W. A., & Liberman, R. P. (1986). The practice of psychiatric rehabilitation: Historical, conceptual, and research base. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 12, 542-559.

23.

Arboleda-Florez, J. (1999). Editorial - On the Evolution of Mental Health Systems. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 17(5), 377-380.

24.

Arikan, K., & Uysal, O. (1999). Emotional reactions to the mentally ill are positively influenced by personal acquaintance. Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Services, 36, 100-104.

25.

Becker, D. R., Bebout, R. R., & Drake, R. E. (1998). Job preferences of people with severe mental illness. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 22(1), 46-50.

26.

Bellamy, G. T., Rhode, L. E., Mark, D. M., & Albin, J. M. (1988). Supported employment: A Community implementation guide. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.

27.

Blascovich, J., & Tomaka, J. (1991). Measures of self-esteem. In J. P. Robinson, P. R. Shaver, & L. S. Wrightsman (Eds.), Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes (pp. 115-160). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

28.

Brown, L. M., Berkell, D. E., & Schmelkin, L. P. (1992). Professional attitudes: Group differences among vocational and special educators towards the employability of persons with severe disabilities. Career Development for Exceptional Individuals, 15(1), 13-22.

29.

Brunton, K. (1997). Stigma. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 26, 891-898.

30.

Callahan, M. J., & Carner, J. B. (1997). Keys to the workplace: Skills and supports for people with disabilities. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.

31.

Chan, F., Hedl, J., Parker, H. J., Lam, C. S., Chan, T. N., & Yu, B. (1988). Differential attitudes of Chinese students toward people with disabilities: A cross-cultural perspective. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 34, 267-273.

32.

Chan, F., Wang, M. G., Thomas, K. R., Wong, D., Chan, C. C. H., Lee, G., et al. (2002). Conjoint analysis in rehabilitation counseling research. Rehabilitation Education, 16, 179-195.

33.

Choi, G., & Lam, C. S. (2001). Korean students’ differential attitudes toward people with disabilities: An acculturation perspective. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 24, 79-81.

34.

Chou, K. S., & Mak, K. Y. (1998). Attitudes to mental patients among Hong Kong Chinese: A trend study over two years. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 44, 215-224.

35.

Chung, K. F., Chen, E. Y. H., & Liu, C. S. M. (2001). University students’ attitudes towards mental patients and psychiatric treatment. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 47(2), 63-72.

36.

Cook, J. A., & Razzano, L. A. (1992). Natural vocational supports for persons with severe mental illness: Thresholds supported competitive employment program. In L. Stein (Ed.). Innovations in mental Health Services (pp. 23-42). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

37.

Corrigan, P. W., & Penn, D. L. (1999). Lessons from social psychology on discrediting psychiatric stigma. American Psychologist, 54(9), 765-776.

38.

Corrigan, P. W., River, L., Lundin, R. K., Penn, D. L., Uphoff-Wasowski, K., Campion, J., et al. (2001). Three strategies for changing attributions about severe mental illness. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 27, 187-195.

39.

Couture, S. M., & Penn, D. L. (2003). Interpersonal contact and the stigma of mental illness: A review of the literature. Journal of Mental Health, 12(3), 291-305.

40.

Diksa, E., & Rogers, S. E. (1996). Employer concerns about hiring persons with psychiatric disability: Results of the Employer Attitudes Questionnaire. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 40(1), 31-44.

41.

Drake, R. E., Becker, D. R., & Bond, G. R. (2003). Recent research on vocational rehabilitation for persons with severe mental illness. Current Opinion Psychiatry, 16, 451-455.

42.

Dutta-Bergman, M. J., & Wells, W. D. (2002). The values and lifestyles of idiocentrics and allocentrics in an individualist culture: A descriptive approach. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 12(3), 231-242

43.

Eagly, A. H., & Chaiken, S. (1993). The psychology of attitudes. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers.

44.

Eklund, M., Hansson, L., & Bejerholm, U. (2001). Relationships between satisfaction with occupational factors and health-related variables in schizophrenia outpatients. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 36, 79-85.

45.

Fan, C. (1999). A comparison of attitudes towards mental illness and knowledge of mental health services between Australian and Asian students. Community Mental Health Journal, 35, 47-56.

46.

Farina, A., & Felner, R. D. (1973). Employment interviewer reactions to former mental patients. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 82(2), 268-272.

47.

Fischler, G. L., & Booth, N. B. (2004). 정신장애와 직업기능, 그리고 직장편의 [Vocational impacts of psychiatric disorders: A guide for rehabilitation professionals]. (김상희 역). 서울: 시그마프레스.(원전은 1999에 출판)

48.

Gaebel, W., Baumann, A., Witte, A. M., & Zaeske, H. (2002). Public attitudes towards people with mental illness in six German cities. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 252, 278-287.

49.

Garske, G. G. (1999). The challenge of rehabilitation counselors: Working with people with psychiatric disabilities. The Journal of Rehabilitation, 65, 21-25.

50.

Gellis, Z. E., Huh, N. S., Lee, S., & Kim, J. (2003). Mental health attitudes among Caucasian-American and Korean counseling students. Community Mental Health Journal, 39(3), 213-224.

51.

Gibson, D., & Groeneweg, G. (1986). Employer receptivity to the developmentally handicapped: When “yes” means “no.” Canada's Mental Health, 34(2), 12-16.

52.

Gretz, S. (1992). Citizen participation: Connecting people to associational life. In D. B. Schwartz (Ed.), Crossing the river: Creating a conceptual resolution in community and disability (pp. 11-30). Cambridge, MA: Brookline Books.

53.

Hand, C., & Tryssenaar, J. (2006). Small business employers' views on hiring individuals with mental illness. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 29(3), 166-173.

54.

Han, S. Y., & Ahn, C. Y. (1994). Collectivism and Individualism, in Korea. in G. Yoon, & S. C. Choi (Eds.), Psychology of the Korean people: Collectivism and Individualism (pp. 301-316). Seoul: Dong-A.

55.

Hinshaw, S., & Cicchetti, D. (2000). Stigma and mental disorder: Conceptions of illness, public attitudes, personal disclosure and social policy. Development and Psychopathology, 12(4), 555-598.

56.

Holmes, E. P., Corrigan, P. W., Williams, P., Canar, J., & Kubiak, M. A. (1999). Changing attitudes about schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 25, 447-456.

57.

Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture's consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions and organizations across nations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

58.

Hui, C. H., & Triandis, H. C. (1985). Measurement in cross-cultural psychology: A review and comparison of strategies. Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling, 2, 115-120.

59.

Ingamells, S., Goodwin, A. M., & John, C. (1996). The influence of psychiatric hospital and community residence labels on social rejection of the mentally ill. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 35, 359-367.

60.

Islam, M. R., & Hewstone, M. (1993). Dimensions of contact as predictors of intergroup anxiety, perceived out-group variability, an out-group attitude: An integrative model. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19, 700-710.

61.

Jackson, J. W. (1993). Contact theory of intergroup hostility: A review and evaluation of the theoretical and empirical literature. International Journal of Group Tensions, 23, 43-65.

62.

Johannsen, W. J., Redel, M. C., & Engel, R. G. (1964). Personality and attitudinal changes during psychiatric nursing affiliation. Nursing Research, 13, 342-345.

63.

Johnstone, M. (2001). Stigma, social justice and the rights of the mentally ill: Challenging the status quo. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 10(4), 200-209.

64.

Kelly, J. G. (1987). An ecological paradigm: Defining mental health consultation as a preventive service. New York: Haworth.

65.

Kim, M. (1993). Conceptualization of mental illness among Korean American clergymen and implications for mental health services delivery. Community Mental Health Journal, 29, 405-412.

66.

Kirsh, B. (2000). Work, workers, and workplaces: A qualitative analysis of narratives of mental health consumers. Journal of Rehabilitation, 66(4), 24-30.

67.

Kolodziej, M. E., & Johnson, B. T. (1996). Interpersonal contact and acceptance of persons with psychiatric disorders: A research synthesis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 1387-1396.

68.

Kumakura, N., Ito, H., Mori, T., Saito, T., Kurisu, E., Asaka, A., et al. (1992). Attitude change towards mental illness during nursing education: A cross-cultural study of student nurses in Korea, Republic of China and Japan. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 6, 120-125.

69.

Kuo, W. H. (1984). Prevalence of depression among Asian-Americans. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 172, 449-457.

70.

Levin, A. (2001). Conference focuses on Mental illness stigma. Psychiatric News, 36(9), 8.

71.

Link, B. G., & Cullen, F. T. (1986). Contact with the mentally ill and perceptions of how dangerous they are. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 27, 289-303.

72.

Link, B. G., Phelan, J. C., Bresnahen, M., Stueve, A., & Pescosolido, B. A. (1999). Public conceptions of mental illness: Labels, causes, dangerousness, and social distance. American Journal of Public Health, 89, 1328-1333.

73.

Lyons, M., & Haynes, R. (1993). Student perceptions of persons with psychiatric and other disorders. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 47(6), 541-548.

74.

MacDonald, A. P., & Hall, J. (1989). Perception of disability by the nondisabled. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 33(6), 654-660.

75.

MacDonald-Wilson, K. L., Rogers, E. S., & Anthony, W. A. (2001). Unique issues in assessing work function among individuals with psychiatric disabilities. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 11, 217-232.

76.

MacDonald-Wilson, K. L., Rogers, E. S., & Massaro, J. M. (2003). Identifying relationship between function limitation, job accomodations, and demographic characteristics of persons with psychiatric disabilities. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 18, 15-24.

77.

McReynolds, C. (2002). Psychiatric Rehabilitation: The need for a specialized approach. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 7, 61-69.

78.

Neary, I. (2000). Rights and psychiatric patients in East Asia. Japan Forum, 12(2), 157-168.

79.

O'Brrien, J., & Mount, B. (1991). Telling new stories: The search for capacity among people with severe handicaps. In L. H. Meyer, C. A. Peck & L. Brown (Eds.), Critical issues in the lives of people with severe disabilities (pp. 89-92). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookers publishing Co.

80.

Okazaki, S., & Sue, S. (1995). Cultural considerations in the psychological assessment of Asian-Americans. In J. N. Butcher (Ed.), Clinical Personality Assessment (pp. 107-119). New York: Oxford University Press.

81.

Penn, D. L., Kommana, S., Mansfield, M., & Link, B. G. (1999). Dispelling the stigma of schizophrenia: The impact of information on dangerousness. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 25, 437-446.

82.

Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2000). Does intergroup contact reduce prejudice: Recent meta-analytic findings. In S. Oskamp (Ed.), Reducing prejudice and discrimination (pp. 93-114). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

83.

Phelan, J. C., Link, B. G., Stueve, A., & Pescosolido, B. A. (2000). Public conceptions of mental illness in 1950 and 1996: What is mental illness and is it to be feared? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 41, 188-207.

84.

Pinfold, V., Huxley, P., Thornicroft, G., Farmer, P., Toulmin, H., & Graham, T. (2003). Reducing psychiatric stigma and discrimination: evaluating an educational intervention with the police force in England. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 38, 337-344.

85.

Read, J., & Law, A. (1999). The relationship of causal beliefs and contact with users of mental health services to attitudes to the mentally ill. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 45, 216-229.

86.

Renwick, R., & Friefeld, S. (1996). Quality of life and rehabilitation. In R. Renwick, I. Brown, & M. Nagler (Eds.), Quality of life in health promotion and rehabilitation: Conceptual approaches, issues, and applications (pp. 26-36). CA: Sage Publications.

87.

Scheid, T. L. (1999). Employment of individuals with mental disabilities: Business response to the ADA’s challenge. Behavioural Science Law, 17(1), 73-91.

88.

Schulze, B., Richter-Werling, M., Matschinger, H., & Angermeyer, M. C. (2003). Crazy? So what! Effects of a school project on students' attitudes towards people with schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatric Scandinavian, 107, 142-150.

89.

Shokoohi-Yekta, M., & Retish, P. M. (1991). Attitudes of Chinese and American male students towards mental illness. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 37, 192-200.

90.

Shonkoff, J. P., & Phillips, D. A. (2000). From Nuerones to neighbourhood: The Science of Early Development, Committee on Integrating the Science of Early Childhood Development, Board on Children, Youth and Families. National Academy Press, Washington, D. C.

91.

Singelis, T. M., & Brown, W. J. (1995). Culture, self, and collectivist communication: Linking culture to individual behavior. Human Communication Research, 21, 354-389.

92.

Singelis, T. M., Triandis, H. C., Bhawuk, D., & Gelfand, M. J. (1995). Horizontal and vertical dimensions of individualism and collectivism: A theoretical and measurement refinement. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(3), 240-275.

93.

Srinivasan, T. N., & Thara, R. (1997). How do man with schizophrenia fare at work: A follow-up study from India. Schizophrenia Research, 25, 149-154.

94.

Susin, J. (2004). Promoting mental illness education in the schools. (New York State Psychiatric Association Bulletin No, 47). http://www.btslessonplans.org/art_bulletin.htm 에 서 2006, 10, 1 인출.

95.

The U. S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (2005). Americans with Disabilities Act(ADA). http://www.ada.gov/reg3a.html#Anch or -Appendix-52467 에서 2007, 11, 18 인출.

96.

Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism and Collectivism. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

97.

Triandis, H., Bontempo, C. R., Villareal, M., Asai, M., & Luccia, N. (1988). Individualism/Collectivism: Cross-Cultural Studies on Self-Ingroup Relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(2), 323-338.

98.

Van-Dongen, C. J. (1996). Quality of life and self-esteem in working and non working persons with mental illness. Community Mental Health Journal, 32(6), 535-548.

99.

Vezzoli, R., Archiati, L., Buizza, C., Pasqualetti, P., Rossi, G., & Piloi, R. (2001). Attitude towards psychiatric patients: A piolt study in a northern Italian town. European Psychiatry, 16, 452-258.

100.

Wahl, O. F. (1999). Mental health consumers’experience of stigma. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 25, 467-478.

101.

Wallace, C. J., Tauber, R., & Wilde, J. (1999). Teaching fundamental workplace skills to persons with serious mental illness. Psychiatric Services, 50, 1147-1153.

102.

Weller, L, & Grunes, S. (1988). Does contact with the mentally ill affect nurses' attitudes to mental illness? British Journal of Medical Psychology, 61(3), 277-284.

103.

Westbrook, M. T., Legge, V., & Pennay, M. (1993). Attitudes towards disabilities in a multicultural society. Social Science Medicine, 36(5), 615-623.

104.

Wilcox, J. S., Ko, G., Genry, J. W., Stricklin, N., & Jun, S. (1996). Advertising presentations of the independent versus interdependent self to Korean and U.S. college students. Advances in International Marketing, 7, 159-174.

105.

Wilgosh, L., & Mueller, H. H. (1989). Employer attitude toward hiring individuals with mental disabilities. Canadian Journal of Rehabilitation, 3, 43-47.

106.

Wolff, G., Pathare, S., Craig, T., & Leff, J. (1996). Community attitudes to mental illness. British Journal of Psychiatry, 168, 183-190.

107.

Yuker, H. E. (1995). Attitudes. In A. E. Dell-Orto, & R. P. Marinelli (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Disability and Rehabilitation (pp. 94-99). New York: Macmillan.

한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격