Trustworthy Faces in Investment Decisions: Separate Impacts of Eyes, Nose, and Mouth

얼굴을 통해 형성된 인상정보가 사회적 상호작용에 영향을 미친다는 사실은 이미 잘 알려져 있으나, 구체적으로 얼굴의 어떤 특정한 요소가 이러한 과정에서 중요한 역할을 담당하는가에 대한 연구는 많지 않다. 이러한 질문에 답하기 위해 본 연구에서는 투자자가 피투자자 얼굴의 특정 요소만을 볼 수 있도록 하여 투자상대에 대한 불확실성이 존재하도록 한 신뢰게임(trust game)에서의 위험감수행동을 측정 하였다. 사전조사를 통해 얻은 얼굴 신뢰성 평균치들을 토대로 가장 신뢰로운 얼굴 10장(신뢰성 고)과 가장 신뢰롭지 못한 얼굴 10장(신뢰성 저)을 포함하는 총 20장의 남성 얼굴 사진들을 눈, 코, 입으로 나눈 60장의 얼굴영역 부분 사진들을 실험참가자들에게 보여주고 각 얼굴영역의 대상에게 투자할 금액을 결정하도록 요구하였다. 실험 결과 얼굴 신뢰성(고, 저)과 얼굴 영역(눈, 코, 입)간의 유의미한 상호작용 효과가 관찰되었으며, 세부 분석 결과 눈 부위 사진이 제시될 경우에 실험 참가자들은 고 신뢰성 파트너에게 저 신뢰성 파트너보다 많은 금액을 투자한 것으로 나타났다. 본 실험을 통해 사회적 상호작용 상황 하에서 타인에 대한 신뢰성 판단은 눈, 코, 그리고 입의 세 얼굴영역 중에서 주로 눈을 통해 이루어진다는 사실을 알 수 있었다.

keywords: face, eyes, trust game, trustworthiness, investment decision-making, 얼굴, 눈, 신뢰게임, 신뢰성, 투자결정

Abstract

Despite the well-known effects of facial impression on social interaction, little is known about which specific facial components contribute to this process. To address this issue, we designed the present study using a trust game where trustors invest upon a presentation of only a single facial component of the trustees’ faces. 10 high and 10 low trustworthy male faces were chosen from a set of 355 faces based on their normative facial trustworthiness ratings obtained from a pilot study. For the actual experimental stimuli, we isolated three separate facial components (i.e., eyes, nose, and mouth) from each face, obtaining the final 60 images to invest on. Using a 2 × 3 repeated-measures ANOVA, we found the interaction effect of facial trustworthiness (high and low) and facial component (eyes, nose, and mouth) on the amount of investment. Post-hoc tests revealed significantly larger amount of investment for "high” vs. "low” trustworthy faces in the eye trials, but not in the other trials. The present results further confirmed that faces can contribute to the formation of initial trustworthiness, and also suggest that critical signals of trustworthiness can be effectively communicated via the eyes of the trustee and these signals can also guide decisions in situations of financial investment.

keywords: face, eyes, trust game, trustworthiness, investment decision-making, 얼굴, 눈, 신뢰게임, 신뢰성, 투자결정

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논문 상세

Vol.24 No.2

신뢰로운 얼굴이 투자결정에 미치는 영향: 눈, 코, 입의 영향 비교

Trustworthy Faces in Investment Decisions: Separate Impacts of Eyes, Nose, and Mouth

초록

Abstract

참고문헌

한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격