Perceptions of Expert Witnesses and Their Admissibility Evaluations

판사 또는 배심원에게 증거를 이해시키거나 사실을 판단하는데 도움을 주는 것을 목표로 하는 전문가의 법정 증언에 대한 판단은 판사가 한다. 미국의 경우 전문가의 법정 증언 허용에 대한 기준들이 마련되어 있지만 한국에서는 과학적 증거나 과학적 증거에 바탕을 둔 전문가 증언에 대한 명시적인 규정이 없으며 관련 증거법이 존재하지 않는다. 이 연구는 한국의 판사와 일반인들이 여러 분야의 전문가들에 대한 일반적인 인식, 전문가 증언에 대한 허용 경험, 전문가 증언의 허용 여부를 고려할 때 중요하게 생각하는 기준들은 무엇인지 알아보았다. 그 결과 한국 판사와 일반인들은 일반적으로 법과학 증거나 의학 증거 관련 전문가들의 법정 증언이 유무죄 판단하는데 중요한 역할을 하며 다른 분야의 전문가 보다 더 정직하고 유능하며 신뢰롭다고 인식하였다. 하지만 경찰, 회계/부동산 감정가, 거짓말 탐지 검사관에 대한 중요성, 정직성, 유능성, 신뢰성에 대한 인식은 가장 낮았다. 또한 판사들은 전문가 증언에 대한 허용 여부를 고려할 때 전문가가 받은 훈련의 내용, 증언에서 사용된 이론이나 증거 분석 및 연구 방법이 학계에 일반적으로 받아들여지는지, 이전에 전문가로 증언했었는지 여부를 중요하게 고려하는 것으로 나타났다.

keywords: expert testimony, scientific evidence, admissibility standards, perceptions of expert witnesses, expert testimony, scientific evidence, admissibility standards, perceptions of expert witnesses, 전문가 증언, 과학적 증거, 증언 허용 기준, 전문가 증인에 대한 인식

Abstract

Expert testimony is intended to assist the trier of fact in understanding certain type of evidence and the admissibility of expert evidence is determined by the trial judge. The admissibility standards for expert witness exist in the United States, but Korean legal system do not have structural standards or explicit rules for evaluating the admissibility of scientific evidence or expert testimony. This study examined 1) general perceptions of Korean judges and lay people on a variety of expert witnesses, 2) judges' admissibility evaluation experiences, and 3) which criteria are considered to be important when evaluating admissibility. The results indicated that Korean judges and lay people rated forensic science or medical experts as most important, honest, competent, and reliable, whereas police officer, accountant/appraiser, and polygraph expert were placed at the bottom. Further, training, general acceptance, prior expert testimony experience, and level of education are perceived as important criteria when evaluating admissibility of experts in Korea.

keywords: expert testimony, scientific evidence, admissibility standards, perceptions of expert witnesses, expert testimony, scientific evidence, admissibility standards, perceptions of expert witnesses, 전문가 증언, 과학적 증거, 증언 허용 기준, 전문가 증인에 대한 인식

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논문 상세

Vol.24 No.3

전문가의 법정 증언에 대한 인식 및 증언의 허용성 평가

Perceptions of Expert Witnesses and Their Admissibility Evaluations

초록

Abstract

참고문헌

한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격