Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology
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ISSN : 1229-0653
Psychological Adaptation of Koreans in the Multicultural Era: The Effects of Social Identity, Acculturation-related Ideologies, and Intergroup Contact on Prejudice Against Migrants in Korea
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Abstract
This survey research investigated whether Koreans’ attitudes toward migrants were affected by group identity, acculturation-related ideologies, threat, and intergroup contact. More specifically, we compared Koreans’ attitudes toward five different migrant groups (i.e., migrant workers, marriage migrant women, children of multicultural family, North Korean defectors and ethnic Koreans in China) to those toward Koreans (i.e., ingroup). We also explored whether prejudice toward migrants was affected by the in-group identification as Koreans, multiculturalism or assimilation ideologies, and the degree of contact with the migrants. To explore these issues, we conducted a nation-wide survey using the stratified sampling method, in which 1,000 Korean adults and 800 adolescents participated and responded to the questionnaire items asking about their attitudes (i.e., feeling thermometer, social distance, ideology, identification) through individual interviews. As expected, the results demonstrated that Koreans exhibited strong in-group favoritism: they evaluated their in-group more favorably than the migrant groups on the feeling thermometer scale, and the in-group favoritism of adolescents was stronger than that of adults. The results also demonstrated that in line with the social identity theory, high in-group identifiers showed more negative attitudes toward migrant groups than low in-group identifiers, especially when the participants perceived high identity (i.e., symbolic) threat. The hierarchical regression analyses on the social distance measures (i.e., ingroup-outgroup) demonstrated that the more Koreans endorsed assimilation ideology, the more the number of out-group acquaintances and the more they perceived realistic threats, the more negative their attitudes toward migrants became. On the other hand, endorsing multiculturalism ideology and contacting the migrants more frequently was associated with more positive out-group attitudes. Finally, intergroup anxiety as well as identity threat or realistic threat, respectively partially mediated the effects of contact frequency(or the endorsement of assimilation ideology or value of authoritarianism) on attitudes toward migrants. We discussed the theoretical and practical implications of these results.
- keywords
- attitudes towards migrants in Korea, social identity, multiculturalism, assimilation ideology, contact, 이주민에 대한 태도, 사회정체성, 다문화주의 이데올로기, 동화주의 이데올로기, 접촉
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