바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

ACOMS+ 및 학술지 리포지터리 설명회

  • 한국과학기술정보연구원(KISTI) 서울분원 대회의실(별관 3층)
  • 2024년 07월 03일(수) 13:30
사전등록 바로가기
 

logo

ISSN : 1229-0653

논문 상세

이전 다음
논문 투고

Vol.27 No.3

Citation Share

과제 수행 능력의 부족에 대한 몰이해: Kruger와 Dunning(1999)의 학업 분야에서의 반복 연구

Unawareness of One's Own Task Incompetence: Replication of Kruger and Dunning (1999) in the Academic Domain

한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격 / Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, (P)1229-0653;
2013, v.27 no.3, pp.59-73
https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2013.27.3.004
박상희 (충북대학교)
박상희. (2013). 과제 수행 능력의 부족에 대한 몰이해: Kruger와 Dunning(1999)의 학업 분야에서의 반복 연구. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 27(3), 59-73, https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2013.27.3.004

초록

Kruger와 Dunning(1999)은 특정 분야에서 과제 수행 능력이 부족한 사람일수록 자신의 수행을 실제보다 더 긍정적으로 추정함을 보였다. 이 연구에서는 학부 수업에서 진행한 자료 수집을 통해, 이 소위 Dunning-Kruger 효과를 현실의 학업 맥락에서 반복 검증하였다. 학생들은 기말에 치러진 시험 직후에 자신의 객관적인 수행을 추정하였다. 이 추정과 실제 점수를 비교한 결과 Dunning-Kruger 효과가 관찰되었다. 시험 준비에 들인 노력은 실제 점수를 증가시킴으로써 과대 추정을 감소시키는 간접 효과와 과대 추정을 증가시키는 직접 효과를 모두 나타냈다. Dunning-Kruger 효과가 지각된 어려움에 의해 나타난 인위물(artifact)이라는 대안 설명은 뒷받침되지 않았으며, 수행의 추정이 얼마나 구체적이거나 추상적인 수준에서 이루어지는지는 과대 추정 정도에서의 유의미한 차이로 이어지지 않았다. 종합하면 본 연구의 결과는 Dunning-Kruger 효과의 설명 중 ‘평균으로의 회귀’ 설명(Krueger & Mueller, 2002)이나 ‘과제 난이도’ 설명(Burson, Larrick, & Klayman, 2006)보다는 Kruger와 Dunning(1999)의 ‘메타 인지’ 설명에 더 일치하는 결과를 보이고 있다. 다른 대안 설명의 가능성과 한계, 후속 연구에 대해 논의하였다.

keywords
수행, 메타인지, 자기평가, 과잉확신, performance, metacognition, self-evaluation, overconfidence

Abstract

Kruger and Dunning (1999) demonstrated that those who are less competent in a specific domain are more likely to overestimate their performance. In the current research, this so-called Dunning-Kruger effect was replicated in a real-life academic context with data collection in an undergraduate course. Right after the final exam, students estimated their performance. Comparisons of these estimates with actual scores revealed Dunning-Kruger effect. A pattern emerged in which, effort in exam preparation had both an indirect, decreasing effct and a direct, increasing effect on overestimation. An alternative explanation of Dunning-Kruger effect that it is an artifact caused by perceived difficulty was not supported, and whether performance estimation was made at a more specific or a more abstract level did not lead to a significant difference in the degree of overestimation. In sum, the results of this study is more consistent with Kruger and Dunning's (1999) ‘metacognition’ account than either ‘regression to the mean’ account (Krueger & Mueller, 2002) or ‘task difficulty’ account (Burson, Larrick, & Klayman, 2006). Alternative explanations, limitations of the study, and future directions are discussed.

keywords
수행, 메타인지, 자기평가, 과잉확신, performance, metacognition, self-evaluation, overconfidence

참고문헌

1.

한미현, 박석건. (2009). 객관구조화진료시험에서 평가자 평가와 수험자의 자기평가 간의 차이. 한국의학교육, 21(3), 279–285.

2.

허정원, 한재진, 임현정. (2008). 자기주도학습을 도입한 임상실습에서 의과대학생이 설정한 학습목표, 방법 및 의견과 자기평가 점수의 분석. 한국의학교육, 20(2), 123-132.

3.

Burson, K. A., Larrick, R. P., & Klayman, J. (2006). Skilled or unskilled, but still unaware of it: How perceptions of difficulty drive miscalibration in relative comparisons. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 60-77.

4.

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd Ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

5.

Dunning, D. (2011). The Dunning-Kruger effect: On being ignorant of one’s own ignorance, Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 44, 247-296.

6.

Dunning, D., Johnson, K., Ehrlinger, J., & Kruger, J. (2003). Why people fail to recognize their own incompetence. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12, 83-87.

7.

Ehrlinger, J., & Dunning, D. (2003). How chronic self-views influence (and potentially mislead) estimates of performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(1), 5-17.

8.

Ehrlinger, J., Johnson, K., Banner, M., Dunning, D., & Kruger, J. (2008). Why the unskilled are unaware: Further explorations of (absent) self- insight among the incompetent. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 105, 98-121.

9.

Greenwald, A. G. (1975). Consequences of prejudice against the null hypothesis. Psychological. Bulletin, 82, 1-20.

10.

Hacker, D. J., Bol, L., Horgan, D. D., & Rakow, E. A. (2000). Test prediction and performance in a classroom context. Journal of Educational Psychology, 92, 160-170.

11.

Hayes (2013). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis. New York: Guilford Press.

12.

Heine, S. J., Lehman, D. R., Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1999). Is there a universal need for positive self-regard? Psychological Review, 106, 766-794.

13.

Krueger, J. (1998). Enhancement bias in the description of self and others. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 505-516

14.

Krueger, J., & Mueller, R. A. (2002). Unskilled, unaware, or both? The contribution of social- perceptual skills and statistical regression to self-enhancement biases. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 180-188.

15.

Kruger, J., & Dunning, D. (1999). Unskilled and unaware of it: How difficulties in recognizing one’s own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1121-1134.

16.

Mattern, K. D., Burrus, J., & Shaw, E. (2009). When both the skilled and unskilled are unaware: Consequences for academic performance. Self and Identity, 9, 129-141.

17.

Parikh, A., McReelis, K., & Hodges, B. (2001). Student feedback in problem based learning: a survey of 103 final year students across five Ontario medical schools. Medical Education, 35, 632-6.

18.

Sherman, D. K., & Cohen, G. L. (2006). The psychology of self-defense: Self-affirmation theory. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.). Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 38, pp. 183-242). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

19.

Simons, D. J. (2013). Unskilled and optimistic: Overconfident predictions despite calibrated knowledge of relative skill. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review (2013), 1-7.

20.

Trope, Y., & Liberman, N. (2010). Construal-level theory of psychological distance. Psychological Review, 117(2), 440-463.

한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격

논문 투고 OA 정책