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Basic psychological characteristics, political attitudes, and candidate choice: A path model analysis

Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology / Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, (P)1229-0653;
2015, v.29 no.4, pp.103-132
https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2015.29.4.006



Abstract

Political attitudes, typically discussed in terms of liberal and conservative, are an important factor in candidate choice in elections. Recently, research has been documenting that basic psychological characteristics can influence formation of political attitudes. In this study, we hypothesized and tested a path model in which three sets of intraindividual psychological factors of basic personal values, moral foundations, and personality traits (conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness to experience) can impact political attitudes, and in turn, candidate choice in an election. We measured and compared psychological characteristics of supporters of conservative and liberal candidates in the 18th Korean presidential election. We recruited 300 participants (152 female) employing quota sampling for regions, who participated via the internet before the 2012 election. Various facets of political attitudes were measured, including the unidimensional constuct of ideological orientation, stances on social issues specific to the Korean political context, and degrees of system justification. The results showed that supporters of the two major presidential candidates differed on such personal value dimensions as power, security, achievement, and tradition, as well as political attitudes of ideological orientation, positions on North Korea, the economy, the environment, and system justification. Finally, mediation effects from basic personal values to political judgment through political attitudes were identified. We were able to demonstrate both universality and specificity in psychological characteristics involved in political judgments.

keywords
정치적 태도, 후보 선택, 심리적 특성, 선거, 기본적 개인 가치, political attitude, candidate choice, psychological characteristics, election, basic personal values

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