ISSN : 1229-0653
본 연구의 목적은 유권자들 간 갈등에 대한 마인드셋의 차이가 2016 국회의원 선거에서 대학생 유권자의 투표 참여 행동에 미치는 영향을 검증하는 것이다. 본 연구는 학습적 갈등해석 마인드셋이 정치적 대립에 대한 긍정적 인식에 영향을 미침으로써 투표 참여를 높일 것이라고 주장한다. 본 연구는 더 나아가 학습적 갈등해석 마인드셋이 투표 참여에 미치는 간접효과는 유권자들의 자유․평등 가치 지향 수준의 차이에 따라 달라질 것이라고 기대하였다. 가설 검증을 위해 국회의원 선거일 전과 후 305명의 대학생을 대상으로 두 차례의 인터넷 설문조사를 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 조절된 매개 분석 결과, 본 연구의 가설들이 통계적으로 지지되었다. 유권자들의 학습적 갈등해석 마인드셋은 정치적 대립에 대한 긍정적 인식과 투표 참여 행동과 유의한 상관이 있었으며, 갈등해석 마인드셋과 투표 참여 행동 간의 관계는 정치적 대립에 대한 긍정적 인식에 의해 매개되었다. 또한 이러한 매개 관계는 유권자의 자유와 평등의 가치 지향 수준이 낮을 때 유의한 반면 높을 때는 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과는 갈등해석 마인드셋이 투표와 같은 정치 참여를 결정하는 유권자들의 심리적 매커니즘을 설명하는 중요한 개인의 인지적 특성임을 보여주는 것이다.
The main purpose of the present research was to examine the possibility that individual differences in conflict mindset can influence voting participation in 2016 National election. The present research proposed the moderated mediation model in which learning conflict mindset has an effect on the voting participation by affecting positive perspective on political conflict and the strength of the mediation effect is weakened by the value of liberty and equality. A two-wave survey was conducted among 305 college students before and after election day. Results showed that individual differences in learning conflict mindset have a significant relationship with voting participation via positive perspective on political conflict. Furthermore, the strength of the indirect effects of learning conflict mindset on voting participation through positive perspective on political conflict was weaker at higher levels of liberty and equality value than at lower levels of the value. These findings indicate that conflict mindset is important cognitive characteristics of individuals in explaining psychological mechanism underlying political participation such as voting participation in national election. Finally, theoretical and practical implications, limitation and suggestion for future research are discussed.
권혁남 (2013). 전략적 뉴스가 정치 냉소주의, 투표참여에 미치는 개인적 특성 효과연구. 한국언론학보, 57(1), 5-27.
김도환, 황상민, 최윤식 (2011). 정치 현상에 대한 한국인의 인식 유형과 심리적 기제. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 25(2), 183-208.
김현정, 박영옥, 박상희 (2015). 유권자의 기본적인 심리적 특성들과 정치적 태도, 후보 선택에 관한 경로모형 연구. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 29(4), 103-132.
나진경, 허 진 (2016). 얼굴에서 유추할 수 있는 유능함과 사회적 관계가 한국 선거 결과에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 30(4), 37-49.
노혜경 (2012). 정보 요소들의 상호작용을 통해 살펴본 정치적 정보의 처리. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 26(4), 15-29.
박상호. 2009. 포털뉴스 이용동기가 인터넷 자기효능감, 정치적 신뢰, 정치냉소주의와 정치참여에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구. 한국언론학보, 53(5), 153-175.
오선영, 서용원 (2014). 갈등에 대한 마인드셋(mindset): 관계갈등 경험이 관계친밀도에 미치는 영향에 대한 인지적 분석. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 27(2), 389-418.
이진안, 최승혁, 허태균 (2012). 정치적 판단에서 심리적 요인의 역할: 변화가능성에 대한 암묵적 이론 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 26(2), 69-86.
중앙선거관리위원회. 2012a. 제18대 대통령선거 투표율 분석.
중앙선거관리위원회. 2012b. 제19대 국회위원선거 투표율 분석.
중앙선거관리위원회. 2016. 제20대 국회위원선거 투표율 분석.
Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Alesina, A., & La Ferrara, E. (2005). Preferences for redistribution in the land of opportunities. Journal of Public Economics, 89(5), 897-931.
Ansolabehere, S., & Iyengar, S. (1995). Going negative: How political advertisements shrink and polarize the electorate. New York: Free Press.
Bélanger, É., & Nadeau, R. (2005). Political trust and the vote in multiparty elections: The Canadian case. European Journal of Political Research, 44(1), 121-146.
Blackwell, L. S., Trzesniewski, K. H., & Dweck, C. S. (2007). Implicit theories of intelligence predict achievement across an adolescent transition: A longitudinal study and an intervention. Child Development, 78(1), 246-263.
Brewer, P. R., & Gross, K. (2005). Values, framing, and citizens’ thoughts about policy issues: Effects on content and quantity. Political Psychology, 26(6), 929-948.
Burnette, J. L., O'Boyle, E. H., VanEpps, E. M., Pollack, J. M., & Finkel, E. J. (2013). Mind-sets matter: A meta-analytic review of implicit theories and self-regulation. Psychological Bulletin, 139(3), 655-701.
Caprara, G. V., Schwartz, S., Capanna, C., Vecchione, M., & Barbaranelli, C. (2006). Personality and politics: Values, traits, and political choice. Political Psychology, 27(1), 1-28.
Carney, D. R., Jost, J. T., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. (2008). The secret lives of liberals and conservatives: Personality profiles, interaction styles, and the things they leave behind. Political Psychology, 29(6), 807-840.
Crum, A. J., Salovey, P., & Achor, S. (2013). Rethinking stress: The role of mindsets in determining the stress response. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104(4), 716-733.
Dancey, L. (2012). The consequences of political cynicism: How cynicism shapes citizens’ reactions to political scandals. Political Behavior, 34(3), 411-423.
Elenbaas, M., & De Vreese, C. H. (2008). The effects of strategic news on political cynicism and vote choice among young voters. Journal of Communication, 58(3), 550-567.
Elliot, A. J. (2006). The hierarchical model of approach-avoidance motivation. Motivation and Emotion, 30(2), 111-116.
Freitas, A. L., Gollwitzer, P., & Trope, Y. (2004). The influence of abstract and concrete mindsets on anticipating and guiding others' self-regulatory efforts. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40(6), 739-752.
Gallego, A., & Oberski, D. (2012). Personality and political participation: The mediation hypothesis. Political Behavior, 34(3), 425-451.
Gerber, A. S., Huber, G. A., Doherty, D., Dowling, C. M., Raso, C., & Ha, S. E. (2011). Personality traits and participation in political processes. Journal of Politics, 73(3), 692-706.
Graham, J., Haidt, J., & Nosek, B. A. (2009). Liberals and conservatives rely on different sets of moral foundations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(5), 1029-1046.
Greenwald, A. G., Carnot, C. G., Beach, R., & Young, B. (1987). Increasing voting-behavior by asking people if they expect to vote. Journal of Applied Psychology, 72, 315-318.
Hayes, A. F. (2009). Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Communication Monographs, 76(4), 408-420.
Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford Press.
Heaven, P., Stones, C., Nel, E., Huysamen, G., & Louw, J. (1994). Human values and voting intention in South Africa. British Journal of Social Psychology, 33(2), 223-231.
Hibbing, M. V., Ritchie, M., & Anderson, M. R. (2011). Personality and political discussion. Political Behavior, 33(4), 601-624.
Jehn, K. A., & Mannix, E. A. (2001). The Dynamic Nature of Conflict: A Longitudinal Study of Intragroup Conflict and Group Performance. Academy of Management Journal, 44(2), 238-251.
Jost, J. T., Glaser, J., Kruglanski, A. W., & Sulloway, F. J. (2003). Political Conservatism as Motivated Social Cognition. Psychological Bulletin, 129(3), 339-375.
Kammrath, L. K., & Dweck, C. (2006). Voicing conflict: Preferred conflict strategies among incremental and entity theorists. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32(11), 1497-1508.
Knutsen, O. (1995). Value orientations, political conflicts and left‐right identification: A comparative study. European Journal of Political Research, 28(1), 63-93.
Leighley, J. E., & Vedlitz, A. (1999). Race, ethnicity, and political participation: Competing models and contrasting explanations. Journal of Politics, 61(4), 1092-1114.
Levy, B. R. (2003). Mind matters: Cognitive and physical effects of aging self-stereotypes. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 58(4), 203-211.
Levy, B. R., Zonderman, A. B., Slade, M. D., & Ferrucci, L. (2009). Age stereotypes held earlier in life predict cardiovascular events in later life. Psychological Science, 20(3), 296-298.
Lindner, N. M., & Nosek, B. A. (2009). Alienable Speech: Ideological Variations in the Application of Free‐Speech Principles. Political Psychology, 30(1), 67-92.
Mondak, J. J., & D Halperin, K. A. R. E. N. (2008). A framework for the study of personality and political behaviour. British Journal of Political Science, 38(02), 335-362.
Mondak, J. J., Canache, D., Seligson, M. A., & Hibbing, M. V. (2011). The participatory personality: evidence from Latin America. British Journal of Political Science, 41(01), 211-221.
Mondak, J. J., Hibbing, M. V., Canache, D., Seligson, M. A., & Anderson, M. R. (2010). Personality and civic engagement: An integrative framework for the study of trait effects on political behavior. American Political Science Review, 104(01), 85-110.
Muller, D., Judd, C. M., & Yzerbyt, V. Y. (2005). When moderation is mediated and mediation is moderated. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(6), 852-863.
Noguchi, K., Handley, I. M., & Albarracín, D. (2011). Participating in Politics Resembles Physical Activity General Action Patterns in International Archives, United States Archives, and Experiments. Psychological Science, 22(2), 235-242.
Ohbuchi, K. I., & Fukushima, O. (1997). Personality and interpersonal conflict: Aggressiveness, self- monitoring, and situational variables. International Journal of Conflict Management, 8(2), 99-113.
Okimoto, T. G., & Gromet, D. M. (2016). Differences in sensitivity to deviance partly explain ideological divides in social policy support. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 111(1), 98-117.
Rokeach, M. (1979). The two‐value model of political ideology and British politics. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 18(2), 169-172.
Rubenson, D., Blais, A., Fournier, P., Gidengil, E., & Nevitte, N. (2004). Accounting for the age gap in turnout. Acta Politica, 39(4), 407-421.
Rucker, D. D., Preacher, K. J., Tormala, Z. L., & Petty, R. E. (2011). Mediation analysis in social psychology: Current practices and new recommendations. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5(6), 359-371.
Schwartz, S. H., & Sagie, G. (2000). Value consensus and importance: A cross-national study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 31(4), 465-497.
Schwartz, S. H., Caprara, G. V., & Vecchione, M. (2010). Basic personal values, core political values, and voting: A longitudinal analysis. Political Psychology, 31(3), 421-452.
Schwartz, S. H., Caprara, G. V., Vecchione, M., Bain, P., Bianchi, G., Caprara, M. G., ..., & Mamali, C. (2014). Basic personal values underlie and give coherence to political values: A cross national study in 15 countries. Political Behavior, 36(4), 899-930.
Skitka, L. J., & Bauman, C. W. (2008). Moral conviction and political engagement. Political Psychology, 29(1), 29-54.
Tetlock, P. E. (1986). A value pluralism model of ideological reasoning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50(4), 819-827.
Twenge, J. M., Campbell, W. K., & Freeman, E. C. (2012). Generational differences in young adults' life goals, concern for others, and civic orientation, 1966-2009. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102(5), 1045-062.
Uleman, J. S., Adil Saribay, S., & Gonzalez, C. M. (2008). Spontaneous inferences, implicit impressions, and implicit theories. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 329-360.
Vecchione, M., Schwartz, S. H., Caprara, G. V., Schoen, H., Cieciuch, J., Silvester, J., ..., & Mamali, C. (2015). Personal values and political activism: A cross‐national study. British Journal of Psychology, 106(1), 84-106.
Verba, S., Schlozman, K. L., Brady, H., & Nie, N. H. (1993). Race, ethnicity and political resources: Participation in the United States. British Journal of Political Science, 23(04), 453-497.
Zhao, X., Lynch, J. G., & Chen, Q. (2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 37(2), 197-206.