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권력동기 척도의 신뢰도와 타당도: Index of Personal Reaction 문항에 대한 재해석
Reliability and Validity of Power Motive Scale: Reinterpretation of ‘Index of Personal Reaction’
민경환 (서울대학교)
김민희 (한국상담대학원대학교)
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초록
권력동기는 인간의 사회적 행동을 결정하는 중요한 동기이지만 지금까지 적절한 측정도구가 마련되지 않았다. 본 연구의 목적은 권력동기를 신뢰롭게 측정할 수 있는 자기보고식 척도를 재구성하고, 타당화하는 것이다. 이를 위해 선행연구에 대한 개관을 바탕으로 권력동기를 구성하는 주요 하위 요인으로 ‘지위 추구’와 ‘영향력 선호’를 가정하고, 권력동기를 조작적으로 정의하였다. 다음으로 Bennett(1988)이 개발한 자기보고식 측정도구 Index of Personal Reaction에서 정의에 부합하는 문항을 추출하여 권력동기 척도를 새롭게 구성하고, 총 604명의 대학생 집단을 대상으로 자료를 수집한 후, 권력동기 척도의 신뢰도, 요인구조 및 구성타당도를 살펴보았다. 분석 결과 권력동기 척도는 높은 수준의 내적 합치도를 보였으며, 탐색적 요인분석 및 확인적 요인분석 결과에서 ‘지위 추구’와 ‘영향력 선호’의 2요인 구조가 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 권력동기 척도의 구성타당도를 검증하기 위해 다양한 준거 변인과 상관분석을 실시한 결과, 권력동기 척도의 수렴타당도, 변별타당도, 규범타당도, 그리고 예언타당도가 일관되게 확인되었다. 또한 권력동기 척도는 권력지향적인 행동을 예측하는 데 있어 외향성의 효과를 통제한 후에도 유의한 증분 설명량을 보임으로써 외향성과는 별도로 지위 추구 행동을 고유하게 예측하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 권력동기 척도가 개인의 권력동기 수준을 적절하게 측정하는 신뢰롭고 타당한 도구임을 의미한다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 의의와 제한점에 대하여 논의하였다.
- keywords
- 권력동기, 지위 추구, 영향력 선호, 구성타당도, 예언타당도, power motive, status pursuit, influence preference, construct validity, predictive validity
Abstract
Power motive influences a number of important social behaviors, but an appropriate scale measuring power motive has not been developed in Korea. The purpose of the present study is to develop and validate a self-report scale that can reliably measure power motive in Korean. Based on the literature, ‘status pursuit’ and ‘influence preference’ were hypothesized as two underlying structures of power motive. Six hundred and four undergraduate participants completed a survey which included corresponding items from Index of Person Reaction (IPR; Bennett, 1988), then reliability, factor structure, and construct validity were examined. The findings showed high internal consistency, and both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed two-factor structures of ‘status pursuit’ and ‘influence preference’. Power motive was also significantly correlated with a variety of criterion variables in the expected directions, which confirmed convergent, discriminant, nomological, and predictive validity. Furthermore, power motive predicted status pursuit by showing significant incremental variance after extraversion was controlled for. The overall findings indicate that the currently-developed power motive scale is a reliable and valid measure for individuals’ differences in power motive. The implications and the limitations of the study were discussed at the end.
- keywords
- 권력동기, 지위 추구, 영향력 선호, 구성타당도, 예언타당도, power motive, status pursuit, influence preference, construct validity, predictive validity
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