Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology
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ISSN : 1229-0653
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Vol.32 No.1
Abstract
The present study examined how Third Party Moral Licensing Effect(i.e., the effect of allowing actors' current bad behavior to be interpreted favorably in light of high SES or permitted by sympathy for actors with low SES) varied in terms of the type of crime for the observer to judge the extent of punishment according to the perception of the grouo (i.e., socioeconomic status and warmth) to which the wrongdoer belong. More specifically, in Study 1, participants evaluated the extent of punishment regarding the wrongdoer after reading criminal act of the target through a script in which the target's SES(high vs. low vs. control) and the type of crime(blatant vs. ambiguous criminal behaviour) was manipulated. The results of Study 1 demonstrated that, in the case of blatant criminal behaviour, the participants made more severe punishment judgement for wrongdoer with high SES than with either low SES or without status information(control). Under ambiguous criminal behaviour condition, the participants gave greater punishment to the target in either the control condition or who was of high SES than to the target with low SES. Also, weak punishment for the wrongdoer with low SES(vs. high SES) was mediated by sympathy for the target only in the context of blatant criminal behaviour. In Study 2, we examined whether the perception of competence and warmth of the wrongdoer in terms of the group to which he belonged to, as well as the type of crime affected punitive judgement by the observer. In addition, we investigated psychological mechanism which may explain these process of punitive judgement. To examine these, we asked the participants to read a scenario describing either blatant or ambiguous criminal behaviour of the target with different levels of competence and warmth, in terms of the groups he belonged to, and afterwards to make punitive judgement The 3-way anovas obtained significant two-way interactions of Crime Type and Competence dimension, as well as Crime Type and Warmth dimension. When actors committed a blatant criminal act, observers gave more generous punishment to those who were perceived as incompetent than those who were perceived as competent. Generous punishment for incompetent persons occurred through sympathy, repeating the result of Study 1. When actors committed an ambiguous criminal act, observers gave more generous punishments to those who were perceived as warmly than those who were perceived as being cold. Generous punishment for a wrongdoer who were perceived as being warm rather than being cold occurred because the observers more favorably interpreted the ambiguous behavior of the warm target than the cold one. These findings suggest that in our society the stereotypes of social groups to which the wrongdoer belong can influence the judgment of jurors participating in the trial.
Abstract
This study aimed to examine differences in suspects’ physiological responses depending on objective self-awareness. To manipulate objective self-awareness, all the suspects were first seated in front of a mirror during a polygraph test, after which they completed the test without facing a mirror. Depending on the polygraph test results, the suspects were divided into two groups (lie and truth groups) to identify the differences in physiological responses. The results showed that in the lie group, suspects who completed the polygraph test in front of a mirror had more physiological responses than those who were not seated in front of a mirror. In contrast, the truth group showed no statistically significant differences in physiological responses related to self-awareness. The results indicate differences between the two groups in physiological responses depending on objective self-awareness. These findings may help to correctly detect the truth and lies in many applied settings.
Abstract
Based on the previous research on moral hypocrisy and power, this paper hypothesized that power increases moral hypocrisy and moral identity moderates the relationship between them. In study 1, 3 power conditions (high power, low power, control) and 2 self-relevance conditions(moral norm judging, actual moral behavior) were designed to test the effect of power on moral judging and behavior. In study 2, the three-way interaction of power conditions(high, low), self-relevance conditions(self, others), and moral identity (high, low) was explored. Results of study 1 showed whereas the low power group expressed more generous standard to others compared to the high power and the control groups, the high power group showed more unethical elf-interested behaviors than the other groups. However, the general morality of power priming groups was lower than the control group, whether it is high power or low power, which does not support the argument that the powerless show hypercrisy. Study 2 unveiled the moderating role of moral identity. In specific, the powerful showed moral hypocrisy in the group with low moral identity. However, the powerful were more strict to themselves than to others in the group with high moral identity. The implications and limitations of this study and the directions for the future research were discussed.
Abstract
The aim of the present research was to examine whether partner-idealization (i.e., perceiving one's partner more closely to one's ideal partner than partner's own self-perception) is related to one's own and the partner's marital satisfaction and to explore the role of communication patterns (constructive communication, husband demand-wife withdraw, and wife demand-husband withdraw) in that process. Seventy-eight married couples rated themselves, their partner, and an ideal partner on interpersonal qualities, and responded to measures of communication patterns and marital satisfaction. The results showed that for both husbands and wives, higher partner-idealization was related to one's own and the partner's greater marital satisfaction. We also found that either partner's partner-idealization was related to wife's report of more constructive communication, which in turn was related to both partners' greater marital satisfaction. The positive relation between wife's partner-idealization and her own marital satisfaction was mediated by low wife-perceived husband demand-wife withdraw and wife demand-husband withdraw patterns. The positive relation between wife's partner-idealization and husband’s marital satisfaction was mediated by low wife-perceived wife demand-husband withdraw pattern. Taken together, individuals who idealized their partner or were idealized by their partner were more satisfied in their relationship, and how wives came to perceive the communication patterns played an important role in this process. We discussed the implications of this study for the short- and long-term effects of partner perceptions on marital satisfaction.