Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology
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Vol.36 No.2
Abstract
This study examined the Type of loneliness among Koreans Since the Onset of COVID-19, the influence of biological(gender, age, chronic disease), psychological(depression, anxiety, hopelessness), social(social support, constraint,s of routine, economic level, household type) factors on the classification of potential classes, and the difference in PTSD and suicidal ideation among the classes. To this end, the online survery was conducted among Korean(n= 1,434) between Feb 19, 2021 and Mar 3, when it’s been one year since WHO had declared the pandemic. Latent profile analysis(LPA) was used to identified subclasses and suggested that the 5-class(low-isolated/medium-connectedness(group1), medium-isolated/medium-connectedness(group2), high-isolated/ high-connectedness(group3), high-connectedness/low-isolated(group4), low-connectedness/high-isolated(group5)) model fit the best. Class mempership was predicted by ‘gender, depression, anxiety, ignorance, social support, constraint,s of routine, household type’. Classes also differed with respect to PTSD and suicidal ideation. The highest level of PTSD was group3, followed by group5, group2, group1, and group4. In the case of suicidal ideation, it was also high in the order of group3, group5, group2, group1, and group4.
Abstract
There has been a growing body of literature demonstrating that media violence may be harmful to viewers of violent media. It has been shown that contextual factors (e.g., perpetrator types and motivation for violence) may have a greater influence than quantitative factors (e.g., violence frequency and level of violence) on the viewers. The present study set out to examine whether and to what extent the contextual factors, such as background music and film protagonist, may affect the viewers’ evaluation of characters and film in the violent media. In this study, participants first read a scenario where either a perpetrator or victim of violence was a protagonist, watched a violent film about the perpetrator and victim, in which either a mood-congruent or mood-incongruent background music was inserted, and then completed surveys about the two characters and film. Our results showed first that a level of criticism to the perpetrator was higher in the victim scenario condition than in the perpetrator scenario condition while a level of criticism to the victim was higher in the perpetrator than in the victim condition. Second, a level of perceived violence in the film was rated higher for the mood-congruent background music than for the mood-incongruent music. Finally, the level of perceived violence was rated higher in the victim condition than in the perpetrator condition when the background music was mood-congruent, whereas a level of interest in the film was higher in the perpetrator than victim condition when the background music was mood-incongruent. Taken together, this study has shown that the contextual factors of violent film can influence how viewers perceive the violence in the film.
Abstract
Positive social experiences are a major source of positive emotions, which are tightly associated with physical and psychological well-being. In the present study, using the experience sampling method, we examined whether and how emotional reactions toward social positive events that individuals experience in everyday life are related to happiness. Participants reported their moment-to-moment experiences including the occurrences of positive or negative events, mood, and happiness, five times a day for a week. We examined whether each participant’s emotional reactions toward social positive events, non-social positive events, and negative events, respectively, predict their average daily happiness. We found that participants who experienced greater positive emotion after the occurrence of social positive events reported greater happiness, while emotional reactions to non-social positive events or negative events did not influence happiness. These findings suggest that savoring positive events in the social domain in particular may play an important role in improving happiness.
Abstract
The present research examined the role of perspective-taking foci (i.e., feeling-focus vs. thinking-focus) in an intergroup context involving differences in social status (i.e., males vs. females). Building on previous research on intergroup empathy, we stipulated that, compared to those who take the perspective of an outgroup target (i.e., a female) with a feeling-focus, males taking the perspective of the target with a thinking-focus would experience stronger intergroup perceptions about the target. This heightened awareness of ingroup/outgroup distinction engendered by a thinking-focus in perspective-taking was expected to lower the perceived personal relevance of gender inequality on the part of a male perspective-taker, leading to weak intentions to participate in allyship behavior for females. In Study 1 (N = 80) and Study 2 (N = 81), we asked male college students in Korea to take the perspective of a female target experiencing gender discrimination at work either by focusing on what she might be thinking or how she might be feeling in such a situation. We then asked the participants to indicate the perceived personal relevance of gender discrimination in Korea and their intention to engage in allyship for females. Results indicated, as expected, that allyship intention was weaker in the thinking-focus condition than in the feeling-focus condition, and this effect was mediated by the perceived personal relevance of the issue. Based on these results, implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.