한국 여성의 흡연과 금연에 관한 최신지견
Updates in the Smoking and Smoking Cessation of Korean Women
초록
본 개관연구에서는 흡연과 관련 변인들의 성차를 조명하고 니코틴에 중독된 여성들에 대한 개입 전략을 모색하려고 하였다. 일반적으로 여성은 남성보다 흡연관련 질환에 더 취약하고, 여성만이 갖는 건강상의 해악도 있다. 한국 여성의 흡연 행동은 여성의 흡연을 부정적으로 보는 사회규범에 영향을 받는데, 그것이 금연할 때 사회지원을 받기 어려운 이유이기도 한다. 여성은 스트레스나 슬픔, 분노, 좌절 등 부적 정동에 대처하기 위해 흡연하는 경향이 있으며 체중 조절을 위해 흡연하기도 한다. 남성은 기분을 좋게 만드는 상황에서 금연에 실패할 가능성이 있는데 반해, 여성은 부적 정동을 경험하는 상황에서 금연에 실패할 가능성이 크다. 니코틴대체요법과 같은 약물요법이 더해져 적절히 구조화된 인지행동치료가 니코틴에 중독된 여성에 도움이 될 수 있다. 항우울제와 같은 정신약물치료가 어떤 여성들에게는 도움이 될 수도 있다. 그런 치료를 임상가는 여성 흡연자의 상태와 부작용을 조심스럽게 고려한 후 선택해야 한다. 여성 흡연자의 생리적․심리적 측면이 모두 고려된 맞춤형 치료 전략을 개발할 필요가 있다.
- keywords
- 여성, 성차, 니코틴 중독, 흡연, 금연, women, gender difference, nicotine dependence, smoking, smoking cessation
Abstract
This review article illuminates gender differences in smoking and its related factors and suggests intervention strategy for women's nicotine dependence. Generally, women are more vulnerable than men to smoking related diseases and they have female-specific harmful effects. Smoking behaviors of Korean women are influenced by social norms which think ill of female smokers and make them difficult to find social support. Women are more reliable on cigarettes to cope with stress and negative affects, such as sadness, anger and frustration and concerns about weight gain than men are. So, they tend to relapse in situations involving negative affects while men in social events with positive emotions. Well structured cognitive behavioral intervention program with pharmacological treatments including nicotine replacement therapy may help to women addicted to nicotine. There are new therapeutic options for female smokers such as psychopharmacological treatment with antidepressants. Clinician should consider its adverse effects and the condition of female smokers. It is needed to develop specific treatment strategies that address both the physiological and psychological aspects of female smokers who want to quit smoking.
- keywords
- 여성, 성차, 니코틴 중독, 흡연, 금연, women, gender difference, nicotine dependence, smoking, smoking cessation
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