The Korean Journal of Health Psychology
- Apply for Authority
- KOREAN
- P-ISSN1229-070X
- E-ISSN2713-9581
- KCI
Stress Responses by Ambivalence over Emotional Expression Based on Heart Rate Variability Analysis
- Downloaded
- Viewed
Abstract
To clarify the relationship between individual differences in Ambivalence over Emotional Expression (AE) and autonomic responses in stressful conditions, we used heart rate variability analysis. The participants included 30 normal college students (16 male, 14 female;mean age of 22.9 years) divided into the high and low AE groups based on their AE scores 1standard deviation apart from the mean. The continuous interplay between sympathetic and parasympathetic influences on heart rate under the weak stressor condition (participating in an experiment test) and the strong stressor condition (getting negative performance feedback)was measured to test group differences. Only high AE group showed increased sympathetic activity (LF) under the weak stressor condition, while both groups showed dominant sympathetic influence under the strong stressor condition without a significant group difference. Within subject test result showed a significant interaction effect between the group variable and LF changes. The result indicates that the low AE people showed flexible responses only to an clear stressor that may threat one's self-concept. On the other hand, the high AE people sensitively reacts with increased sympathetic activity not only to the strong stressors but also to the weak stressor, an evaluative situation where the others did not take it as a stressor.
- keywords
- Ambivalence over Emotional Expression, Heart Rate Variability, Stress, Autonomic Underpinnings, 정서표현양가성, 심박변이도, 스트레스, 자율신경
Reference
김정호, 김선주 (2007). 스트레스의 이해와 관리. 시그마프레스.
배한길, 김종헌 (1999). 각종 휴대용 무선 통신기기가 의료기기에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구. 한국전자파학회논문, 10(3), 392-400.
이경순, 김교헌 (2000). 분노 억제경향과 문제해결이 분노 정서 경험과 혈압에 미치는 영향. 한국 심리학회지: 건강, 5(1), 79-95.
이승미, 오경자 (2006). 정서인식불능, 정서표현에 대한 양가감정, 정서표현성이 중년 기혼 여성의 심리적부적응에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 25(1), 113-128.
이종구 (2001). 심장병 알면 이길 수 있다. 중앙생활사.
최해연 (2008). 한국인에게는 억압이 적응적인가?: 억압 측정의 타당성 논의. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 27(1), 179-216.
최해연, 민경환 (2007). 한국판 정서표현에 대한 양가성 척도의 타당화 및 억제 개념들 간의 비교 연구. 한국심리학회지：사회 및 성격, 21(4), 71-89.
최해연, 이동귀, 민경환 (2008). 정서강도, 정서주의, 정서 명료성, 및 정서표현양가성의 군집과 심리적 적응의 관계. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 22(4), 59-73.
전겸구 (1996). 정서와 신체적 건강. 한국심리학회 추계심포지움.
전겸구, 한덕웅, 이장호, Spielberger (1997). 한국판STAXI 척도 개발: 분노와 혈압. 한국심리학회지:건강, 2(1), 60-78.
Alexander, F. G. (1939). Emotion factors in essential hypertension. Psychosomatic Medicine, 1, 175-179.
Baker, L. M., & Dunbar, K. (2000). Experimental design heuristics for scientific discovery: The use of ‘baseline' and ‘known standard' controls. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 52. 1-13.
Berntson, G. G., Bigger, J. T., Eckberg, D. L., Grossman, P., Kaufmann, P. G., & Malik, M. (1997). Heart rate variability: Origins, methods and interpretive caveats. Psychophysiology, 34, 623–648.
Berntson G. G., Cacioppo J. T. (2004). Heart rate variability: Stress and psychiatric conditions. In M. Malik & A. J. Camm, (Eds.). Dynamic electrocardiography (pp. 56-63). New York: Futura.
Bigger J. T., Fleiss J. L., Steinman R. C., Rolnitzky L. M., Schneider W. J., & Stein P. K. (1995). RR variability in healthy, middle-aged persons compared with patients with chronic coronary heart disease or recent acute myocardial infarction. Circulation, 91, 1936–1943.
Bradley M. A., & Linda, L. (2006). Heart rate variability as an index of regulated emotional Bradley responding. Review of General Psychology, 10, 229–240.
Booth-Kewley, S., & Friedman, H. S. (1987). Psychological predictors of heart disease: A quantitative review. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 343-362.
Buck, R. W. (1988). Human motivation and emotion (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley.
Dembroski, T. M., MacDougall, J. M., & Costa, P. T. (1989). Components of hostility as predictors of sudden death and myocardial infarction in the multiple risk factor intervention trial. Psychosom Med, 51, 514-522.
Derogatis, L. R., & Melisaratos, N. (1983). The Brief Symptom Inventory: An introductory report. Psychological Medicine, 13, 595-605.
Dishman, R. K., Nakamura, Y., Garcia, M. E., Thompson, R. W., Dunn, A. L., & Blair, S. N. (2000). Heart rate variability, trait anxiety, and perceived stress among physically fit men and women. International Journal of Phychophysiology, 37,413-419.
Emmons, R. A., & Colby, P. M. (1995). Emotional conflict and well-being: Relation to perceived availability, daily utilization, and observer reports of social support. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 947-959.
Fredrikson, M., & Matthews, K. A. (1990). Cardiovascular responses to behavioral stress and hypertension: A meta analytical review. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 12, 1069-1076.
Fuller, B. F. (1992). The effects of stress-anxiety and coping styles on heart rate variability. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 12, 81-86.
Greenwood, J., Stoker, J. B., Mary, D. A. (1998). Effect of atenolol therapy on peripheral sympathetic nerve discharge in essential hypertension (abstr). Journal of Hypertens, 16, S240.
Hemmingway, H., & Marmot, M. (1999). Psychosocial factors in an etiology and prognosis of coronary heart disease: Systematic review of prospective cohort studies. British Medical Journal, 318, 1460-1467.
Josephs, S., Williams, R., Irwing, P., & Cammock, T. (1994). The preliminary development of a measure to assess attitudes towards emotional expression. Personality and Individual Differences, 16, 869-875.
Katz, I. M., & Campbell, J. D. (1994). Ambivalence over emotional expression and well-being: Nomothetic and idiographic tests of the stress-buffering hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 513-524.
King, L. A. (1998). Ambivalence over emotional expression and reading emotions in situations and faces. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 753-762.
King, L. A., & Emmons, R. A. (1990). Conflict over emotional expression: Psychological and physical correlates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 864-877.
Krantz, D. S., & Manuck, S. B. (1984). Acute psychophysiological reactivity and risk of cardiovascular disease; A review and methodological critique. Psychological Bulletin, 96, 435-464.
Kring, A. M., Smith, D. A., & Neale, J. M. (1994). Individual differences in dispositional expressiveness: Development and validation of the Emotional Expressivity Scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 934-949.
Lazarus, R., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Larsen, R. J., & Diener, E. (1987). Affect intensity as an individual difference characteristic: A review. Journal of Research in Personality, 21, 1-39.
Levenson, R. W. (2003). Blood, sweat, and fears: The autonomic architecture of emotion. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1000, 348 –366.
Linden, W., Stossel, C., & Maurice, J. (1996). Psychosocial interventions in patients with coronary artery disease: A meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med, 156, 745-752.
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 397–422.
Newton, T. L., & Contrada, R. J. (1992). Verbal-autonomic response dissociation in repressive coping: The influence of social context. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 159-167.
Pagani, M., Mazzuero, G., Ferrari, A., Liberati, D., Cerutti, S., Vaitil, D., et al. (1991). Sympathovagal interaction during mental stress. A study using spectral analysis of heart rate variability in healthy control subject and patients with a prior myocardial infarction. Circulation. 83, 43-51.
Pennebaker, J. W. (1985). Traumatic experience and psychosomatic disease： Exploring the roles of behavioral inhibition, obsession, and confiding. Canadian Psychology, 26, 82-95.
Pennebaker, J. W. (1995). Emotion, disclosure, and health. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Pumprla, J., Howorka, K., Groves, D., Chester, M., & Nolan, J. (2002). Functional assessment of heart rate variability: Physiological basis and practical applications. International Journal of Cardiology, 84, 1-14.
Rassin, E. (2005). Individual Differences and Successful Suppression: Thought suppression, Elsevier: Oxford.
Salovey, P., Mayer, J. D., Goldman, S. L., Turvey, C., & Palfai, T. P. (1995). Emotional attention, clarity, and repair: Exploring emotional intelligence using the Trait Meta-Mood Scale. In J. W. Pennebaker (Ed.), Emotion, disclosure, and health (pp. 125-154). Washington, DC: APA.
Siegman, A. W. (1994). Cardiovascular consequence of expressing and repressing anger. In A. W. Siegman, & T. W. Smith (Eds.), Anger, hostility, and the heart (pp. 173-197). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Spielberger, C. D., Johnson, E. H., Russell, S. F., Crane, R. J., Jacobs, G. A., & Worden, T. J. (1985). The experience and expression of anger: Construction and validation of an anger expression scale. In M. A. Chesney & R. H. Rosenman (Eds.), Anger and hostility in cardiovascular and behavioral disorders (pp. 5-30), New York: Hemisphere/ McGraw-Hill.
Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. (1996). Heart rate variability-standards of measurement, physiological interaction, and clinical use. European Heart Journal, 17, 354-381.
Thomas, S. P. (1997). Women's anger: Relationship of suppression to blood pressure. Nursing Research, 46, 324-330.
Tomaka, J., Blascovich, J., Kelsey, R. M., & Leitten, C. L. (1993). Subjective, physiological and behavioral effects of threat and challenge appraisal. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 248-260.
Thayer, J. F., & Siegle, G. J. (2002). Neurovisceral integration in cardiac and emotional regulation. Engineering in Medicine and Biology, 21, 24–29.
Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070.
Wolf, S. (2000). The environment-brain-heart connection: econeurocardiology. Occupational Medicine State of the Art Reviews, 15, 107-109.
- Downloaded
- Viewed
- 0KCI Citations
- 0WOS Citations