The Korean Journal of Health Psychology
- Log In/Sign Up
- KOREAN
- P-ISSN1229-070X
- E-ISSN2713-9581
- KCI
Exploring the Mediating Effect of Social Comparison and Social Comparison Copings on Stresses and Well-being of the Elderly
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the roles of social comparison and social comparison copings in stresses and the subjective well-being of the elderly. Participants were 270 elderly men and women who were at least 60 years of age whose average of age was 76.59 (SD=8.35). For this study, stresses in senescence, social comparison, social comparison copings, negative/positive emotion, life satisfaction, subjective happiness were measured. Results indicated that the stress in senescence was positively related to social comparison and social comparison copings, and negatively to the subjective well-being. Stresses in senescence accounted for around 14% variance of subjective well-being. The upward comparison coping accounted more variance of stresses in senescence than the downward comparison coping did. Relationships between variables indicated the possibility of mediating effect of social comparison and social comparison copings rather than moderating effect on stresses and the subjective well-being of the elderly. And regression analysis revealed that only the upward comparison coping had mediating effect on those two variables. This mediating path was also confirmed with structural equation model. This study suggested that the upward comparison coping among social comparison copings, not social comparison itself, may plays an role of mediating variable in the relationship between stresses in senescence and the subjective well-being, and had negatively influenced on quality of life in senescence. It was discussed the mediating effect of the upward comparison coping with Korean collectivism and previous studies.
- keywords
- 노년기, 스트레스, 사회비교, 대처, 웰빙, senescence, stress, social comparison, coping, well-being
Reference
김기옥, 김순옥, 황선진, 이수진, 현은자, 최인수, 유현정 (2005). ESM을 통해 본 대학생의 주관적 삶의 질: 정서, 인지적 효율성, 만족도의 측면에서. 대한가정학회지, 43, 203-229.
김정호(2006). 동기상태이론: 스트레스와 웰빙의 통합적 이해. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 11, 453-484.
김정호(2007). 삶의 만족 및 삶의 기대와 스트레스 및 웰빙의 관계: 동기상태이론의 적용. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 12, 325-345.
김정호, 유제민, 서경현, 임성견, 김선주, 김미리혜, 공수자, 강태영, 이지선, 황정은 (2009). ‘삶의 만족’ 은 만족스러운가: 주관적 웰빙 측정의 보완. 한국심리학회지: 사회문제, 15, 187-205.
서경현(2006). 고령화 사회에서 한국인의 건강과 삶의 질. 한국심리학회지: 사회문제, 12, 133-147.
서경현(2007). 노년기 한국인의 스트레스. 스트레스 연구, 15, 271-278.
서경현, 김정호, 유제민(2009). 성격과 주관적 웰빙 간의 관계: Big 5 성격요인과 BAS/BIS를 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 사회문제, 15, 169-186.
서경현, 이경순 (2010). 대학생의 생활 스트레스와 사회 비교 및 주관적 웰빙 간의 관계. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 15, 327-343.
이영자, 김태현(1999). 단독가구 노인의 스트레스와 우울감-사회적 지지의 완충효과를 중심으로. 한국노년학회, 19, 79-94.
전겸구, 김교헌, 조신웅, 노명래 손정락(1994). 다차원적대처 척도의 개발. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 13,114-135.
전해숙(2010). 초고령 노인의 스트레스와 대처방안이 심리적 안녕감에 미치는 영향: 미국 중서부 지역의 초고령 노인을 중심으로. 노인복지연구, 47, 51-70.
정미경, 이규미(2010). 노인의 스트레스, 우울, 낙관주의 및 적응유연성의 경로분석. 한국노년학, 30, 629-642.
조명한, 차경호(1998). 삶의 질에 대한 국가간 비교. 서울: 집문당.
최희철, 황매향, 김연진(2009). 청소년의 부모에 대한 관계성과 삶의 만족 사이의 자기회귀 교차지연효과 검증. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 21(2), 537-558.
통계청(2010). 2009년 생명표. 통계청.
통계청(2010). 2010 인구주택총조사. 통계청.
한덕웅, 장은영(2002). 사회비교가 분노경험, 주관안녕 및 건강지각에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 7, 85-112.
한덕웅, 장은영(2003). 사회비교 동기와 강요된 사회비교가 주관안녕과 건강지각에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 8, 619-644.
홍세희(2000). 구조방정식 모형의 적합도 지수 선정기준의 그 근거. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 19, 161-177.
Ahrens, A. H., & Alloy, L. B. (1997). Social comparison processes in depression. In B. Buunk & F. X. Gibbons (Eds.), Health, coping and well-being: Perspectives from social comparison theory (pp. 389-410). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Aldwin, C. M., & Revenson, T. A. (1987). Does coping help? A reexamination of the relation between coping and mental health. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 337-348.
Aspinwall, L. G., & Taylor, S. E. (1993). Effects of social comparison direction, threat, and self-esteem on affect, self-evaluation, and expected success. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 708-722.
Bandalos, D. L., & Finney, S. J. (2001). Item parceling issues in structural equation modeling. In G. A. Marcoulides & R. E. Schumacker. (Eds.), New developments and techniques in structural equation modeling. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Benisheck, L. A., & Lopez, F. G. (1997). Critical evaluation of hardiness theory: Gender differences, perception of life events, and neuroticism. Work and Stress, 11, 33-45.
Buunk, B., & Gibbons, F. X. (1997). Health, coping, and well-being: Perspectives from social comparison theory. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Dean, A., & Ensel, W. (1982). Modeling social support, life events, competence, and depression in the context of age and sex. Journal of Community Psychology, 10, 392-408.
Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 542-575.
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75.
Festinger, L. A. (1954). A theory of social comparison process. Human Relations, 7, 117-140.
Gibbons, F. X., & Buunk, B. P. (1999). Individual differences in social comparison: Development of a scale of social comparison orientation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 129-142.
Hilmert, C. J., Christenfeld, N., & Kulik, J. (2002). Audience status moderates the effects of social support and self-efficacy on cardiovascular reactivity during public speaking. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 24, 122–131.
Hobfoll, S. E., & Lieberman, J. R. (1987). Personality and social resources in immediate and continued stress resistance among women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 18-26.
Klag, S., & Bradley, G. L. (2004). The role of hardiness in stress and illness: An exploration of the effects of negative affectivity and gender. British Journal of Health Psychology, 9, 137-161.
Kobasa S. C. O., & Puccetti M. C. (1983). Personality and social resources in stress resistance. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 45, 839-850.
Lucas, R. E. & Diener, E. (2004). Well-Being. In C. Spielberger (Ed.), Encyclopedia of applied psychology. (pp. 669-676). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Lyubomirsky, S., & Lepper, H. S. (1999). A measure of subjective happiness: Preliminary reliability and construct validation. Social Indicators Research, 46, 137-155.
Mackenzie, C. S., & Peragine, G. (2003). Measuring and enhancing self-efficacy among professional caregivers of individuals with dementia. American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias, 18, 291-298.
MacKinnon, D. P., Warsi, G., & Dwyer, J. H. (1995). A simulation study of mediated effect measures. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 30, 41-62.
McCubbin, H. I., Patterson, J. M., & Wilson, L. R. (1995). Family Inventory of Life Events and Changes, Form C. In H .I. McCubbin, A. I. Thompson, & M. A. McCubbin (Eds), Family asessment: Resiliency, coping and adaptation inventories for research and practice.. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press.
Michinov, N. (2007). Social comparison and affect: a study among elderly women. The Journal of Social Psychology, 147, 175-189.
Rabkin, J. G., & Struening, E. L. (1976). Life events, stress and illness. Science, 194, 1013-1020.
Reis, T. J., Gerard, M., & Gibbons, F. X. (1993). Social comparison and the pill: Reactions to upward and downward comparison of contraceptive behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19, 13-20.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review Psychology, 52, 141-166.
Salovey, P., & Rodin, J. (1984). Some antecedents and consequences of social-comparison jealousy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 780-792.
Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic intervals for indirect effects in structural equations models. In S. Leinhart (Ed.), Sociological methodology 1982 (pp.290-312). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Tesser, A., Millar, M., & Moore, J. (1988). Some affective consequences of social comparison and reflection processes: The pain and pleasure of being close. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 49-61.
Testa, M., & Major, B. (1990). The impact of social comparisons after failure: The moderating effects of perceived control. Basic & Applied Social Psychology, 11, 205-218.
Thoits, P. A. (1986). Social support as coping assistance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 416-423.
Tugade, M. M., Fredrickson, B. L., & Barrett, L. F. (2004). Psychological resilience and positive emotional granularity: Examining the benefits of positive emotions on coping and health. Journal of Personality, 72, 1161-1190.
VanderZee, K., & Wood, J. (1997). Social comparisons among cancer parients. In B. Buunk & F. X. Gibbons (Eds.), Health, coping and well-being: Perspectives form social comparison theory (pp. 299-328). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Wheeler, L., & Miyake, K. (1992). Social comparison in everyday life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 760-773.
White, J. B., Langer, E. J., Yariv, L., & Welch J. C., (2006). Frequent social comparisons and destructive emotions and behaviors: The dark side of social comparisons. Journal of Adult Development, 13, 36-44.
White, K., & Lehman, D. R. (2005). Culture and social comparison seeking: The role of self-motives. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 232-242.
Wills, T. A. (1981). Downward comparison principles in social psychology. Psychological Bulletin, 90, 245-271.
Wood, J. V., Giordano-Beech, M., Taylor, K. L., Michela, J. L., & Gaus, V. (1994). Strategies of social comparison among people with low self-esteem: Self-protection and selfenhancement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 713-731.
Woolston, C. (2007). Stress and aging. Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Massachusetts, Inc.
- Downloaded
- Viewed
- 0KCI Citations
- 0WOS Citations