청소년을 대상으로 한 반응양식이론의 재개념화
Reconceptualization of the Response Styles Theory in Adolescents
김은정 (아주대학교)
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초록
본 연구에서는 중·고등학생 629명을 대상으로 Nolen-Hoeksema의 기존 반응양식이론의 반응양식과 반응양식이론의 비율접근(반추/주의분산+문제해결) 및 확장된 반응양식의 비율접근(반추+기분회피/주의분산+문제해결+마음챙김)이 우울증상에 미치는 차별적 영향을 검증하였다. 연구결과, 첫째, 우울증상에 대해 반추보다 반응양식비율점수가 우울증상을 상대적으로 더 잘 설명하였다. 둘째, 반추와 반응양식비율점수를 통제한 후에도, 확장된 반응양식비율점수(반추+기분회피/주의분산+문제해결+마음챙김)가 우울증상을 추가적으로 설명하였다. 셋째, 전체에서 반추와 주의분산이 모두 높거나 낮은 집단이 차지하는 비율이 반추가 높고 주의분산이 낮은 집단, 반추가 낮고 주의분산이 높은 집단에 비해 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 아동을 대상으로 한 선행 연구에서 반추보다 더 강력히 우울에 영향을 끼치는 것으로 검증된 비율접근을 청소년을 대상으로 반복 검증하였으며, 마음챙김과 기분회피 반응양식을 추가한 확장된 반응양식비율점수가 우울을 추가적으로 설명한다는 것을 밝혔다. 이러한 결과들을 중심으로 본 연구의 시사점과 제한점을 살펴보고 더 나아가 치료적 함의를 논의하였다.
- keywords
- 반추, 주의분산, 문제해결, 기분회피, 마음챙김, 반응양식이론의 비율접근, 우울, 청소년, rumination, distraction, problem-solving, mood avoidance, mindfulness, response style ratio approach, depression, adolescents
Abstract
We examined the effect of Nolen-Hoeksema's response styles, response style ratio approach (rumination scores divided by the sum of distraction and problem-solving scores), and the expanded response style ratio approach (the sum of rumination and mood avoidance scores divided by the sum of distraction, problem-solving, and mindfulness scores) on depression in middle and high school students (N=629). The results indicated that in adolescents, RSQ ratio scores were more strongly associated with depression than RSQ rumination. Second, the expanded ratio scores accounted for additional variance in depression scores, controlling for RSQ ratio and RSQ rumination scores. Third, the proportion of high rumination/high distraction and low rumination/low distraction was higher than high rumination/low distraction and low rumination/high distraction. The adolescents sample study corroborated previous findings that a Nolen-Hoeksema's response style ratio approach more strongly predicts depressive symptoms than rumination scores. Furthermore, the study also provided the first support for the hypothesis that expanded response style ratio scores that add mindfulness and mood avoidance response styles to the Nolen-Hoeksema's response style theory additionally account for depressive symptoms. Finally, the findings were discussed in terms of limitations and treatment implications across the ratio approach.
- keywords
- 반추, 주의분산, 문제해결, 기분회피, 마음챙김, 반응양식이론의 비율접근, 우울, 청소년, rumination, distraction, problem-solving, mood avoidance, mindfulness, response style ratio approach, depression, adolescents
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