본 연구는 청소년 위험행동의 보호 및 위험요인의 다차원성을 가정하고 있는 부합-통제가설을 심리적․환경적 위기에 직면한 청소년들에게 적용하여 위험행동의 보호요인과 위험요인의 관계성을 실증적으로 검증하기 위하여 실시되었다. 위험요인에 따라 탄력성이 다르게 작용하는가를 확인한 결과 희망과 생활역량이 충동성과 위험행동 간의 관계를 이중 매개한다는 것이 확인되었다. 이는 동일한 위험요인 수준에서는 보호요인의 누적이 위험요인의 영향을 상쇄할 것이라고 가정하는 보상모델(compensatory model)을 입증하는 것이다. 결과적으로 본 연구에서는 1) 환경적 위험요인의 정도에 따라 탄력성 및 취약성요인들의 기능이 긍정 혹은 부정적으로 작동할 수 있기 때문에 보호요인과 위험요인 그리고 탄력성과 취약성을 구분해야 할 이론적인 유용성과, 2) 보호요인이나 위험요인의 작용은 탄력성이나 취약성의 개입여부에 따라 달라질 수 있기 때문에 보호요인과 위험요인의 다차원성 가설이 지지된 결과를 얻었다. 본 연구는 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 연구의 함의 및 추후연구의 방향을 논의하였다.
The aim of this study was to identify and comprehend the multidimensional model of risk factors and protective factors of risk behaviors of youth. In this study, 627 middle and high school students in Gyeonggi-do were asked to administer to the following scales: Risk Factors Scale, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-Ⅱ, Sensation Seeking Scale (V), K-DHS, Life Competence Diagnostic Scale, Risk Behaviors Scale, and Impulsivity act on risk behaviors. As a result, sensation-seeking was found to have an independent effect, acting as a mediate variable. Despite that risk factors existed, life-competence bumpered on the risk behaviors of adolescents. Therefore, life-competence had an effect on risky behaviors, as a moderating variable in adverse environments. Hope and life-competence were verified as dual-mediators between impulsivity and risk behaviors. These results showed that the cumulative compensatory model was fit for explaining the risk factors among adolescents at risk. In the case of low levels of risk, hope acted as a mediating variable, but not at the high level of risk. However, life-competence, as a moderating variable between sensation-seeking and risk factors, acted in high-level risk environments. In conclusion, the multi-dimensional model of risk factors and protective factors of youth was more appropriate than the previous single-dimensional model. These outcomes suggest that a more tailored-intervention should be provided for moderating the risk behaviors of at-risk adolescents.
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