바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

ACOMS+ 및 학술지 리포지터리 설명회

  • 한국과학기술정보연구원(KISTI) 서울분원 대회의실(별관 3층)
  • 2024년 07월 03일(수) 13:30
 

logo

마음챙김이 행복에 미치는 영향 연구: 물질주의와 자기존중감을 중심으로

Influence of Mindfulness on Happiness: Focus on Materialism and Self-esteem

한국심리학회지: 건강 / The Korean Journal of Health Psychology, (P)1229-070X; (E)2713-9581
2015, v.20 no.1, pp.91-110
https://doi.org/10.17315/kjhp.2015.20.1.006
유연재 (아주대학교)
이성준 (아주대학교)

초록

본 연구에서는 마음챙김이 개인의 행복을 어떻게 향상시키는지 알아보기 위하여 선행연구를 개괄하고, 마음챙김과 행복 간에 매개변인으로 자기존중감과 물질주의를 설정하였다. 연구결과, 마음챙김은 행복에 직접적으로 영향을 주기보다는 자기존중감과 물질주의를 통해 간접적으로 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 마음챙김은 자기존중감을 증가시키고, 물질주의는 감소시켜 최종적으로 개인의 행복에 긍정적인 영향을 주었다. 본 연구를 통해 마음챙김은 개인의 자신에 대한 평가뿐만 아니라 삶의 가치관(물질주의)에도 영향을 줄 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

keywords
마음챙김, 자기존중감, 물질주의, 행복, mindfulness, self-esteem, materialism, happiness, subjective well-being

Abstract

In this study, in order to identify how mindfulness improves each other's happiness, the previous research was reviewed, through which self-esteem and materialism were chosen as the mediating variables between mindfulness and happiness. The current study demonstrated that the prediction of happiness by mindfulness was mediated by self-esteem and materialism indirectly, not directly. Mindfulness increased self-esteem, decreased materialism, and finally, positively influenced happiness. The results indicated that mindfulness can influence life's value (materialism), as well as individual self-perception.

keywords
마음챙김, 자기존중감, 물질주의, 행복, mindfulness, self-esteem, materialism, happiness, subjective well-being

참고문헌

1.

강진호, 유형근, 손현동 (2009). 마음챙김 명상을 활용한고등학생의 심리적 안녕감 증진 프로그램 개발. 중등교육연구, 57(1), 213-243.

2.

강혜윤 남정현 (2013). 향기요법이 가미된 마음챙김 명상 프로그램이 우울, 스트레스 및 심리적 안녕감에미치는 효과. 예술심리치료연구, 9(2), 219-236.

3.

구재선, 김의철 (2006). 한국인의 행복 경험에 대한 토착문화심리학적 접근. 한국심리학회지: 사회문제, 12(2), 77-100.

4.

권선중, 김교헌 (2007). 한국판 마음챙김 주의 알아차림척도 (K-MAAS)의 타당화 연구. 한국심리학회지 :건강, 12(1), 269-287.

5.

권선중, 김교헌, 이홍석 (2006). 한국판 감사 성향 척도(K-GQ-6)의 신뢰도 및 타당도. 한국심리학회지 :건강, 11(1), 177-190.

6.

김광수 (2002). 용서 연구의 동향과 과제. 한국교육심리학회, 16(2), 113-131.

7.

김교헌 (2008). 마음챙김과 자기조절 그리고 지혜. 한국심리학회지 : 건강, 13(2), 285-306.

8.

김영신, 박지영 (2006). 소비자소외감, 물질주의가 충동구매에 미치는 영향. 한국가정관리학회지, 24(3). 27-41.

9.

김천수, 노안영 (2013). 요가수련자의 자기초점적 주의와 심리적 안녕감 간의 관계에서 마음챙김의 매개효과. 상담학연구, 14(6), 3499-3516.

10.

노지혜, 이민규, (2005). 학술발표 : 나는 왜 감사해야하는가?: 스트레스 상황에서 감사가 안녕감에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회 연차학술발표대회 논문집, 454-455.

11.

류정희 (2012). 고등학생의 자아존중감, 외적 자기가치수반성과 심리적 안녕감, 주관적 안녕감의 관계. 한국심리학회 연차학술대회 논문집, 335-335.

12.

문정순, 한규석 (2012). 마음챙김과 심리적 안녕감과의관계: 공상자각과 탈중심화의 매개효과. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 31(1), 93-110.

13.

박남수 (2012). 사무직 근로자의 마음챙김, 스트레스, 자아존중감, 창의성, 소진, 조직몰입 사이의 관계에대한 구조 분석. 보건과 사회과학, 32, 93-114

14.

박수애, 송관재 (2005). 사회적 불안이 개인의 심리적적응에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지 : 사회문제, 11(2), 1-29.

15.

박은아 (2003). 신체존중감이 주관적 안녕감에 미치는영향에 관한 비교문화 연구: 한국과 미국 여대생을중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 22(2), 35-56.

16.

박종효 (2012). 한국 성인의 용서와 주관적 안녕감 간의구조적 관계 탐색: 대인관계 신뢰의 매개효과. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 17(2), 415-432.

17.

박혜민, 채규만 (2012). 마음챙김이 심리적 안녕감에 미치는 영향 : 정서조절방략의 매개효과. 인지행동치료, 12(3), 259-274.

18.

배재홍, 장현갑 (2006). 한국형 마음챙김 명상에 기반한스트레스 감소 프로그램이 대학생의 정서반응에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회: 건강, 11(4), 675-690.

19.

배현주, (2004). 결측값 대체방법에 대한 비교연구. 중앙대학교 대학원 석사학위 청구논문.

20.

서성무 (2007). 명상 이론의 관점에서 본 물질주의와 웰빙, 소비문화연구, 10(4), 55-81.

21.

소은희, 신희천 (2011). 감사가 주관적 안녕감에 미치는영향: 대인관계 기본 심리적 욕구 만족의 매개 효과. 상담학연구, 12(1), 159-175.

22.

안혜원, 천성문 (2010). 싸띠명상이 중학생의 마음챙김, 심리적 수용 및 심리적 안녕감에 미치는 효과. 한국동서정신과학회지, 13(1), 1-17.

23.

양혜승 (2006). 텔레비전 오락 프로그램 시청이 개인들의 물질주의적 가치관 및 삶과 사회에 대한 만족도에 미치는 영향. 한국방송학보, 20(4), 121-145.

24.

유연재, 김완석 (2014). 마음챙김 소비 척도 개발과 타당화. 한국심리학회지: 소비자광고, 15(2), 307-331.

25.

이봉건 (2008). 한국판 마음챙김명상(K-MBSR)이 대학생의 우울증상, 마음챙김수준 몰입수준에 미치는효과. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 27(1), 333-345.

26.

이성수 (2008). 충동구매에서 성차. 물질주의와 인지적종결욕구를 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 소비자광고, 9(3), 475-495.

27.

이성준 (2014). 자비명상의 효과: 이타성과 안녕감. 아주대학교 일반대학원 박사학위청구논문.

28.

이승헌, 유성모 (2007). 탐색적 방법을 통한 건강, 행복, 평화 척도(HSP-Q)의 개발. Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society, 9(5), 2161-2171

29.

이용주 (2014). 마음챙김명상(K-MBSR)이 알코올 의존환자의 주관적 안녕감과 금주자기효능감에 미치는효과. 서울불교대학원 대학교 석사학위논문.

30.

이우경, 방희정 (2008). 사회, 정서발달 : 성인기 여성의스트레스, 마음챙김, 자기-자애(慈愛), 심리적 안녕감 및 심리 증상 간의 관계. 한국심리학회지: 발달, 21(4), 127-146.

31.

이은경, 이기학 (2005). 우울과 긍정적 정서가 주관적안녕감에 미치는 영향-신경증과 외향성 척도를 중심으로. 상담학연구, 6(2), 325-338.

32.

이훈진, 원호택 (1995). 편집성 척도(Paranoia Scale)의신뢰도, 타당도 연구. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 14(1), 83-94.

33.

임영란, 최금봉 (2013). 마음챙김 명상프로그램이 간호대학생의 스트레스 지각, 우울 및 자아효감에 미치는 효과. 동서간호학연구지, 19(2) 104-113.

34.

조명한, 차경호 (1998). 삶의 질에 대한 국가간 비교. 서울: 집문당.

35.

조용래, 채숙희, 최연숙 (2009). 우울과 불안증상 및 안녕감에서 경험 회피와 마음챙김 주의 자각의 역할. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 28(4), 1135-1154.

36.

홍희숙, 이수경 (2007). 탈물질주의 및 물질주의 가치에따른 웰빙 라이프스타일의 차이. 한국의류학회 학술대회논문집, 134.

37.

Adler, M., & Fagley, N. S. (2005). Appreciation:Individual Differences in Finding Value and Meaning as a Unique Predictor of Subjective Well-Being. Journal of Personality. 73(1), 79-114.

38.

Argyle, M. (1987). The Psychology of Happiness. London: Methuen.

39.

Argyle, M. (2001/2005) 행복심리학 [The Psychology of Happiness]. (김동기, 김은미 역). 서울: 학지사 (원전은 2001에 출판).

40.

Astin, J. (1997). Stress reduction through mindfulness meditation: Effects on psychological symptomatology, sense of control, and spiritual experiences. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 66, 97-106.

41.

Baer, R. A. (2003). Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 125-143.

42.

Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., & Allen, K. B. (2004). Assessment of mindfulness by self-report: The Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills. Assessment, 11, 191-206.

43.

Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74-94.

44.

Baskin, T. W., & Enright, R. D. (2004). Intervention studies of forgiveness: A meta-analysis. Journal of Counseling and Development, 82(1), 79-90.

45.

Baumeister, R. F., Tice, D. M., & Hutton, D. G. (1989). Self-Presentational Motivations and Personality Differences in Self-Esteem. Journal of Personality, 57(3), 547-579.

46.

Baumeister, R. F., Campbell, J. D., Krueger, J. I., & Vohs, K. E. (2003). Does high self-esteem cause better performance, interpersonal success, happiness, or healthier lifestyles? Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 4(1).

47.

Bear, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13(1), 27-45.

48.

Belk, R. W. (1984). Three scales to measure constructs related to materialism: Reliability, validity, and relationships to measures of happiness. Advances In Consumer Research, 11, 291-297.

49.

Belk, R. W. (1985). Materialism: trait aspects of living in the material world. Journal of Consumer Research, 12, 265-280.

50.

Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., Segal, Z. V., Abbey, S., Speca, M., Velting, D., & Devins, G. (2004). Mindfulness: A Proposed Operational Definition. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11(3), 230-241.

51.

Bluth, K., & Blanton, P. W. (2014). Mindfulness and self-compassion: Exploring pathways to adolescent emotional well-being. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23(7), 1298-1309.

52.

Bodhi, B. (2000). A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma. Seattle. WA: BPS Pariyatti Editions.

53.

Bollen, K. A., & Stein, R. A. (1992). Bootstrapping goodness-of-fit measures in structural equation models. Sociological Methods and Research, 21, 205-229.

54.

Bowlin, S. L., & Baer, R. A. (2012). Relationships between mindfulness, self-control, and psychological functioning. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(3), 411-415.

55.

Brown, K. W., & Kasser, T. (2005). Are Psychological and Ecological Well-Being Compatible? The Role of Values, Mindfulness, and Lifestyle. Social Indicators Research, 74, 349- 368.

56.

Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822-848.

57.

Brown, K.W., Kasser, T., Ryan, R.M., & Konow, J. (2007). Materialism in the marketplace: The role of material resources and acquisition in subjective well-being. Unpublished manuscript, Virginia Commonwealth University

58.

Brown, K. W., Kasser, T., Ryan, R. M., Alex, L. P., & Orzech, K. (2009). When what one has is enough: Mindfulness, financial desire discrepancy, and subjective well-being. Journal of Research in Personality. 43(5), 727-736.

59.

Brown, K. W., Kasser, T., Ryan, R. M., & Konow, J. (2004). Having and being: Investigating the pathways from materialism and mindfulness to well-being. Unpublished data, University of Rochester

60.

Brown, K. W., West, A. M., Loverich, T. M., & Biegel, G. M. (2011). Assessing adolescent mindfulness: Validation of an adapted mindfulness attention awareness scale in adolescent normative and psychiatric populations. Psychological Assessment, 23(4), 1023-1033. doi:10.1037/a0021338.

61.

Buchheld, N., Grossman, P., & Walach, H. (2001). Measuring mindfulness in insight meditation (vipassana) andmeditation-based psychotherapy:the development of the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI). Journal forMeditation and Meditation Research, 1, 11-34.

62.

Burroughs, J. E., & Rindfleisch, A. (2002). Materialism and well-being: A conflicting values perspective. Journal of Consumer Research, 25, 348-370.

63.

Campbell, A. (1976). Subjective measures of wellbeing. American Psychologist, 31(2), 117-124.

64.

Campbell, A. (1981). The Sense of Well-Being in America. New York: McGraw-Hill.

65.

Carlson, L. E. (2005). Impact of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction(MBSR) on Sleep, Mood, Stress, and Fatigue Symptoms in Cancer Outpatients. Behavioral Medicine, 12(4), 278-285.

66.

Christopher A. P., Analise, O., & Penelope, J. D. (2013). The positive effects of mindfulness on self-esteem. Journal of Positive Psychology, 8(5), 376-386.

67.

Coopersmith, S. (1967). The antecedents of self-esteem. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.

68.

Crocker, J., & Wolfe, C. T. (2001). Contingencies of self-worth. Psychological Review, 108, 593-623.

69.

Davidson, R., & Kabat-Zinn, J. (2004). Response to letter by j. Smith. Psychosomatic Medicine, 66, 149-152.

70.

Diener, E. (1994). Assessing subjective well-being:Progress and opportunities. Social Indicators Research, 31,103-157.

71.

Diener, E., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2002). Will money increase subjective well-being? A literature review and guide needed research. Social Indicators Research, 57, 119-169.

72.

Diener, E., & Lucas, R. E. (2000). Explaining differences in societal levels of happiness:Relative standards, need fulfillment, culture, and evaluation theory. Journal of Happiness Studies, 1, 41-78.

73.

Diener, E., Diener, M., & Diener, C. (1995). Factors predicting the subjective well-being of nations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 653-663.

74.

Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction With Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75.

75.

Diener, E., Sandvik, E., Seidlitz, L., & Diener, M. (1993). The relationship between income and subjective well-being: Relative or absolute? Social Indicators Research, 28(3), 195-223

76.

Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Kim-Prieto, C., Biswas-Diener, R., & Tay, L. S. (2010). Unhappiness in South Korea: Why it is high and what might be done about it. 2010 한국심리학회연차학술대회 논문집, 1-23.

77.

Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R., & Smith, H. (1999). Subjective well-being: three decades of progress, Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276-302.

78.

Enright, R. D. (2001). Forgiveness is a choice. Washington, DC: APA Books.

79.

Enright, R. D. (2012). The forgiving life: A pathway to overcoming resentment and creating a legacy of love. Washington, DC US: American Psychological Association.

80.

Epstein, M. (1995). Thoughts Without a Thinker:Psychotherapy From a Buddhist Perspective(3rd ed.) Basic Books:New York.

81.

Esty, A. (2004). The New Wealth of Nations. American Scientist, 92(6), 513.

82.

Fein, S., & Spencer, S. J. (1997). Prejudice as self-image maintenance: Affirming the self through negative evaluations of others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 31-44.

83.

Fornell, C., & Lacker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18, 39-50.

84.

Fornell, C., Tellis, G. J., & Zinkhan, G. (1982). Validity assessment: A structural equations approach using partial least squares. In Walker, B. J. et al.(eds). AMA educators’ proceedings, 405-409. Chicago:American Marketing Association.

85.

Greco, L., Baer, R. A., & Smith, G. T. (2011). Assessing mindfulness in children and adolescents: Development and validation of the child and adolescent mindfulness measure (CAMM). Psychological Assessment, 23(3), 606-614.

86.

Harrington, R., Loffredo, D. A., & Perz, C. A. (2014). Dispositional mindfulness as a positive predictor of psychological well-being and the role of the private self-consciousness insight factor. Personality and Individual Differences, 71, 15-18.

87.

Hayes, A. M., & Feldman, G. (2004). Clarifying the construct of mindfulness in the context of emotion regulation and the process of change in therapy. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 255-262.

88.

Headey, B. W., & Wearing, A. J. (1992). Understanding Happiness. Melbourne: Longman Cheshire.

89.

Headey, B. W., & Wearing, A. J. (1990). Subjective well-being and coping with adversity. Social Indicators Research, 22(4), 327-349.

90.

Hee, K. L., Subramanian, P., Rahmat, N., & Phang, C. K. (2014). The effects of mindfulness training program on reducing stress and promoting well-being among nurses in critical care units. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, 31(3), 22-31.

91.

Hölzela, B. K., Carmodyc, J., Vangela, M., Congletona, C., Yerramsettia, S. M., Garda, T., & Lazara, S. W. (2011). Mindfulness practice leads to increases in regional brain gray matter density. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 191, 36-43.

92.

Hollis-Walker, L., & Colosimo, K. (2011). Mindfulness, self-compassion, and happiness in non-meditator-A theoretical and empirical examination. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(2), 222-227.

93.

Horney, K. (1937). The neurotic personality of our time. New York: Norton.

94.

Jacob, J. C., & Brinkerhoff, M. .B. (1999). Mindfulness and subjective well-being in the sustainability movement: A further elaboration of multiple discrepancies theory. Social Indicators Research 46, 341-368.

95.

Jingzhou, P., & Wenxia, Z. (2013). Can success lead to happiness? the moderators between career success and happiness. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 51(1), 63-80.

96.

Kabat-Zinn, J. (1998). 명상과 자기치유(상, 하)[Full catastrophe living] (장현갑, 김교헌 역. 서울: 학지사(원전은 1990에 출판).

97.

Kabat-Zinn, J., Massiou, A. O., Kristeller, J., Peterson, L. G., Fletcher, K. E., Pbert, L. Lenderking, W. R., & Santorelli, S. F. (1992). Effectiveness of a meditation-based stress reduction program in the treatment of anxiety disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 936-943.

98.

Kashdan, T. B. (2007). Social anxiety spectrum and diminished positive experiences: Theoretical synthesis and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 27, 348-365.

99.

Kashdan, T. B., DeWall, C .N., Pond, R. S., Silvia, P. J., Lambert, N. M., Fincham, F. D. (2013). Curiosity protects against interpersonal aggression: Cross-sectional, daily process, and behavioral evidence. Journal of Personality, 81, 87-102.

100.

Kasser, T. (2009). Can Buddhism and consumerism harmonize? A review of the psychological evidence. Journal of Religion and Culture, 2, 167-193.

101.

Kernis, M. H., & Waschull, S. B. (1995). The interactive roles of stability and level of self-esteem: Research and theory. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 27, pp. 93-141). San Diego:Academic Press.

102.

Kulananda, & Houlder, D. (2002). Mindfulness and money: The Buddhist path of abundance(1st ed.). New York: Broadway Books.

103.

Lau, M. A., Bishop, S. R., Segal, Z. V., Buis, T., Anderson, N. D., Carlson, L., Shapiro, S., Carmody, J., Abbey, S., & Devins, G. (2006). The Toronto Mindfulness Scale: development and validation. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(12), 1445-1467.

104.

Lucas, R. E., Diener, E., & Suh, E. K. (1996). Discriminant validity of well-being measures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(3), 616-628.

105.

Magnus, K., & Diener, E. (1991). A longitudinal analysis of personality, life events, and subjective wellbeing. Paper presented at the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago, IL.

106.

McCullough, M. E., Emmons, R. A., & Tsang, J. (2002). The grateful disposition: A conceptual and empirical topography. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 112-127.

107.

Miller, J. J., Fletcher, K., & Kabat-Zinn, J. (1995). Three-year follow-up and clinical implications of a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction intervention in the treatment of anxiety disorders. General Hospital Psychiatry, 17(3), 192-200.

108.

Morrison, A. S., & Heimberg, R. G. (2013). Social Anxiety and Social Anxiety Disorder. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 9, 249-274.

109.

Mukerji, C. (1983). From Graven Images: Patterns of Modern Materialism. New York: Columbia University Press.

110.

Neff, K. D. (2004). Self-compassion and psychological well-being. Constructivism in the Human Sciences, 9, 27-37.

111.

Neff, K. D., Kirkpatrick, K. B., & Rude, S. S. (2007). Self-compassion and adaptive psychological functioning. Journal of Research in Personality, 41(1), 139-154.

112.

Nyaniponika. (1973). The heart of Buddhist meditation. New York: Weiser Books.

113.

Pyszczynski, T., Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., Arndt, J., & Schimel, J. (2004). Why Do People Need Self-Esteem? A Theoretical and Empirical Review. Psychological Bulletin, 130(3), 435-468.

114.

Rasmussen, M. K., & Ridgeon, A. M. (2011). The direct and indirect benefits of dispositional mindfulness on self-esteem and social anxiety. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 24(2), 227-233.

115.

Richins, M. L. (1987). Media, materialism, and human happiness. Advances in Consumer Research, 14, 352-356.

116.

Richins, M. L., & Dawson, S. (1992). A consumer values orientation for materialism and its measurement: Scale development and validation. Journal of Consumer, 19, 303-316.

117.

Rosenberg M. (1965). Society and adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University.

118.

Rothwell. C & Cohen, P (2013). Happiness is no laughing mater. Happiness Report. extracted from htp://www.petecohen.com in 02/14/04

119.

Rubin, L.H. Witkiewitz, K. St. Andre, J. Reilly, S. (2007). Methods for handling missing data in the behavioral neurosciences. Journal of Undergraduate Neuroscience Education, 5(2), A71-A77.

120.

Sandvik, E., Diener, E., & Seidlitz, L. (1993). Subjective Well-Being: The Convergence and Stability of Self-Report and Non-Self-Report Measures. Journal of Personality, 61(3), 317-342.

121.

Schimmack, U., Oishi, S., Furr, R. M., & Funder, D. C. (2004). Personality and life satisfaction: A facet-level analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30(8), 1062-1075.

122.

Seear, K., & Vellar-Brodrick, D. (2013). Efficacy of positive psychology interventions to increase well-being: Examining the role of dispositional mindfulness. Social Indicators Research, 114(3), 1125-1141.

123.

Shapiro, L. S., Schwartz, E. G., & Bonner, G. (1998). Effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Medical and Premedical Students. Journal of Behabioral Medicine, 21(6), 581-599

124.

Shier, M.L., & Graham, J.R. (2011). Mindfulness, subjective well-being, and social work: Insight into their interconnection from social work practitioners. Social Work Education. 30(1), 29-44.

125.

Suh, E. M. (2000). Self, the Hyphen between Culture and Subjective Well-being. in E. Diener, E. Suh (Eds.) Culture Subjective Well-being. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England.

126.

Sulliavan, H. S. (1953). The Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry. NY: Tavistock Publications Limited.

127.

Tafarodi, R. W., & Swann, W.B. (1995). Self-liking and self-competence as dimensions of global self-esteem: initial validation of a measure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 65, 322-342.

128.

Tesser, A. (1988). Toward a self-evaluation maintenance model of social behavior. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 21, pp. 181-227). New York:Academic Press.

129.

Thompson, B. L., & Waltz, J. A. (2008). Mindfulness, self-esteem, and unconditional self-acceptance. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 26(2), 119-126.

130.

Tsang, EWK. (2006). Behavioral assumptions and theory development: the case of transaction cost economics. Strategic Management Journal, 27(11), 999-1011.

131.

Ward, S. L., & Wackman, D. B. (1971). Family and media influences on adolescent consumer learning. American Behavioral Scientist, 14, 415-427.

132.

Watkins, E. (2004). Adaptive and maladaptive ruminative self-focus during emotional processing. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42, 1037-1052.

133.

Watson, D., Gameza, W., & Simms, L. J. (2005). Basic dimensions of temperament and their relation to anxiety and depression: A symptom-based perspective. Journal of Research in Personality, 39(1), 46-66.

134.

Zamir, D. R. (2012). Self-Esteem as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Mindfulness and Satisfaction with Life (Doctoral dissertation, Pacific University). Retrieved from:http://commons.pacificu.edu/spp/241

한국심리학회지: 건강