특성불안과 정서조절 전략의 관계: 습관적, 지시적 정서조절 전략 유도에 따른 차이
Emotion Regulation and Trait anxiety: Spontaneous Versus Instructed Use of Emotion Suppression and Reappraisal strategy
이종환 (경북대학교 심리학과)
곽호완 (경북대학교)
장문선 (경북대학교 심리학과)
구본훈 (영남대학교)
초록
정서조절 문제가 불안장애의 취약성 요소이며, 이러한 명제의 관련성이 입증되어 왔으나 실증적인 근거가 부족하였다. 본 연구는 특성불안이 높은 집단의 정서조절 전략 사용을 정상 대조군과비교하기 위하여 1) 특질적 정서조절 전략의 차이를 알아보고, 2) 영상자극을 통해 유발된 정서를조절함에 있어 습관적인 전략 사용의 차이를 알아보고, 3) 집단 간 실험적으로 유도된 억제 및 재평가 전략에 따른 정서반응성의 차이를 파악하여 특성불안과 역기능적 정서조절 전략의 관련성을실험적 비실험적인 방법 모두 사용하여 알아보고자 하였다. 대학생 416명을 대상으로 특성불안척도 절단점을 기준으로 특성불안 집단(40명)과 대조집단(40명)을 연구 대상자로 선정하였다. 첫번째로, 정서조절 전략을 평가하기 위해 자기보고식 평가를 수행하였다. 두 번째로, 공포영상을사용하여 정서를 유발시킨 후 참가자들에게 영상시청 동안의 억제 재평가 전략 사용을 자발적으로 평가하게 하였다. 마지막으로, 참가자별로 할당된 억제 또는 재평가 조건의 지시를 내리고 집단 간 정서반응성을 비교하였다. 연구 결과, 특성불안 집단은 대조집단에 비해 높은 비수용성을보고했고 공포 영상을 보는 동안 습관적으로 억제 전략을 많이 사용했음을 보고하였다. 또한 억제와 재평가 조건의 상이한 효과가 나타났으나 특성불안 집단이 대조집단에 비해 높은 정서반응성을 보고하였으므로, 이는 특성불안 집단에서 기능적인 전략 지시에 의한 효과가 감소한 것으로볼 수 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 불안과 관련된 정서를 조절함에 있어 불안수준이 높은 개인들은습관적으로 역기능적인 전략을 사용하고, 재평가와 같은 적응적 전략 사용 자체에 대한 결함으로인해 높은 부정정서를 경험함을 입증하여 특성불안 증상에 대해 정서조절 측면의 결함에 대한 근거를 제공하였다는 점에서 의의를 가진다.
- keywords
- emotion regulation, suppression, reappraisal, trait anxiety, emotion induced film clips, 정서조절, 정서조절전략, 억제, 재평가, 특성불안, 정서유발영상
Abstract
Emotion dysregulation is known vulnerability factor for anxiety disorders. However, few empirical studies have focused on this concept. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that trait anxiety is related to difficulties with emotion regulation by comparing anxiety-prone participants (n=40) and low anxiety participants (n=40). In the first phase, participants completed questionnaires to assess standard use of emotion regulation strategies. In the second phase, fear mood was induced using a film clip, and the participants were assessed for employing spontaneous suppression versus reappraisal to regulate their emotion. In the third phase, participants received suppression or reappraisal instructions prior to watching a second fear-inducing film. As predicted, suppression was ineffective for down-regulating negative emotions, and high-anxiety participants reported spontaneous used this strategy during the first fear-inducing film more often than low anxiety participants. The results of the provoked suppression versus reappraisal on negative mood indicated that the high-anxiety participants reported significantly higher emotional response during the film as compared to low-anxiety participants. These results provided evidence for a role for spontaneous suppression and indicated a reduced effectiveness of instructed reappraisal as a functional strategy in anxiety-prone individuals.
- keywords
- emotion regulation, suppression, reappraisal, trait anxiety, emotion induced film clips, 정서조절, 정서조절전략, 억제, 재평가, 특성불안, 정서유발영상
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