자살 실행력에 대한 경험적 연구개관
A Review of the Empirical Literature on Capability for Suicide
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초록
자살 실행력은 자살행동을 취할 수 있는 능력을 의미한다. 자살의 대인관계 이론에 따르면, 자살욕구와 자살 실행력이 모두 갖추어졌을 때에만 치명적인 자살행동을 할 수 있다. 자살 실행력은 자살욕구와 자살행동의 관계를 조절하는 중요한 변인으로 고려되어 왔으며, 그동안 진행된 여러 연구들은 자살 실행력의 중요성을 지지하는 결과를 보고하였다. 하지만 자살의 대인관계 이론에서 처음 가정했던 자살 실행력의 개념과 특성, 역할을 지지하지 않는 연구결과들도 반복적으로 보고됨에 따라 이러한 불일치가 나타나는 이유에 대한 분석이 요구되고 있는 상황이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 그동안 진행된 자살 실행력 관련 경험적 연구들을 개관하여 기존 연구들의 문제와 한계를 분석하고 향후 연구 방향을 모색하고자 했다. 우선 자살 실행력의 개념과 특성, 측정방법을 다룬 연구들을 분석하였으며, 자살 실행력과 자살시도의 관계를 탐색한 연구들을 검토하고, 마지막으로 자살 실행력에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 다룬 연구들을 개관하였다. 연구 결과, 자살시도에서 자살 실행력의 역할은 비교적 일관된 지지를 얻고 있었으나, 자살 실행력의 측정방법 면에서 몇 가지 한계가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 자살 실행력의 기본 구조와 특성, 원인에 대한 기존의 가설들은 수정 및 보완이 필요한 것으로 확인되었다. 분석결과를 고려한 향후 연구 방향에 대해 논의하였다.
- keywords
- suicide, interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide, capability for suicide, fearlessness about death, pain tolerance, 자살, 자살의 대인관계 이론, 자살 실행력, 죽음에 대한 두려움, 통증 감내력
Abstract
The capability for suicide (CS) is the capacity to conduct lethal suicide attempts. According to the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide (IPTS), lethal suicidal behavior occurs when individuals have both suicidal desires and CS. Most of the empirical literature on CS has supported the major hypothesis that the construct moderates the relationship between suicidal desires and actual suicide attempts. However, there has been increasing evidence that contradicts the main features and roles of CS. This study was aimed to review the studies on CS and address the inconsistency between the IPTS and some of the empirical studies. To this end, studies on the conceptual features and measurement of CS were reviewed. Moreover, studies on the role of CS in the relationship between the suicidal desires and suicide attempts were examined. Finally, studies on the causes of CS were reviewed. The results showed that the moderating role of CS in the relationship between the suicidal desires and suicide attempts are strongly supported by the empirical literature. However, there were several limitations in the measures of CS. There were also concerns on the basic features of the concept and hypothesis on the relationships between painful and provocative experiences and CS. Several means to overcome the limitations of prior studies were suggested in this study.
- keywords
- suicide, interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide, capability for suicide, fearlessness about death, pain tolerance, 자살, 자살의 대인관계 이론, 자살 실행력, 죽음에 대한 두려움, 통증 감내력
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