불면증과 공격성의 관계에서정서조절방략의 조절효과
Moderation Effects of Emotion Regulation Strategies in the Relationship between Insomnia and Aggression
박예슬 (국립암센터 정신건강클리닉)
유은승 (국립암센터)
초록
본 연구는 불면증과 공격성의 관련성을 살펴보고 이들 간의 관계에서 적응적·부적응적 정서조절방략의 조절효과가 나타나는지 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 대학생 387명을 대상으로 불면증 심각도 척도, 정서조절방략 질문지, 간이정신진단검사 중 적대감 소척도를 실시하였다. 상관분석과 회귀분석을 통해 불면증과 공격성의 관계에서 정서조절방략의 조절효과를 확인하였다. 연구 결과 불면증과 공격성의 관계에서 부적응적 정서조절방략의 조절 효과가 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 즉 부적응적 정서조절방략을 적게 사용하는 사람들은 불면증과 공격성이 관련이 없었으나 부적응적인 정서조절 방략을 많이 사용하는 사람들은 불면증상이 심할수록 공격성이 높아질 가능성이 높았다. 정서조절방략을 인지적, 체험적, 행동적 방략으로 구분했을 때 부적응적인 인지적 방략과 부적응적인 체험적 방략이 불면증과 공격성의 관계를 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 부적응적인 정서조절방략은 불면증과 공격성의 관계에서 위험요인으로 작용하며 적응적 정서조절방략은 보호요인으로서 효과가 미미하다는 것을 확인했다는 점에서 의의가 있다.
- keywords
- 불면증, 공격성, 정서 조절 방략, Insomnia, Aggression, Emotion Regulation Strategies
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the moderation effects of emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between insomnia and aggression. The study employed a total of 387 participants. They were asked to complete the Korean version of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI-K), the Emotion Regulation Strategy Questionnaire (ERSQ), and the hostility subscale of Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). Using correlation and regression analyses, the moderation effect of emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between insomnia and aggression were tested. The result of the study showed that there was significant moderation effect of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between insomnia and aggression. It was also observed that the relationship between insomnia and aggression was insignificant for those who employed less maladaptive emotion regulation strategies; however, for those who used maladaptive emotion regulation strategies frequently, the more severe the insomnia score, the more chance of increased aggression. Among cognitive, experiential, and behavioral emotion regulation strategies, the relationship between insomnia and aggression was moderated by maladaptive cognitive and experiential emotion regulation strategies. In conclusion, it was established that maladaptive emotion regulation strategies may be a risk factor in the relationship between insomnia and aggression. However, adaptive emotion regulation strategies may not serve as a protective factor.
- keywords
- 불면증, 공격성, 정서 조절 방략, Insomnia, Aggression, Emotion Regulation Strategies
참고문헌
건강보험심사평가원 (2018). http://opendata.hira.or.kr/op/opc/olap3thDsInfo.do에서 2018, 7, 20 자료 얻음.
권순완 (2017, 9, 28). 서울 학교폭력 분석해보니…구로구가 가장 많아 ‘송파구의 4.5배’. 조선일보. http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2017/09/28/2017092802227.html에서 2018, 7, 20 자료 얻음.
김광일, 김재환, 원호택 (1984). 간이정신진단검사 실시요강. 서울: 중앙적성출판사.
박가람, 정남운 (2008). 성폭력 상담에서 내담자들이 지각한. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 20(1), 161-182.
박동건, 조현주, 최대정 (2004). 직장에서의 특정 부적정서 경험에 따른 정서조절이 수행 및 정신건강에미치는 효과. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 9(4), 831-852.
배민욱 (2018, 7, 3). 여성 절반 ‘사회안전 불안’…성폭력피해 37%. 중앙일보. http://news.joins.com/article/22764547에서 2018, 7, 20 자료 얻음.
이지영 (2012). 연령증가에 따른 정서조절의 차이. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 31(3), 783-808.
이지영 (2016). 정서강도와 정신건강의 관계에서 정서조절방략의 매개효과. 인지행동치료, 16(2), 61-84.
이지영, 권석만 (2007). 정서조절방략 질문지의 개발. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 26(4), 963-976.
이지영, 정지현 (2016). 부정 정서강도와 적응적 및 부적응적 정서조절방략의 관계에서 고통감내력의 조절효과. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 21(4), 719-740.
조현주, 전태연, 채정호, 우영섭, 최정은, 기백석, 임현우 (2007). 우울장애의 불안, 신체화, 분노 증상과 정서조절방략과의 관계. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 26(3), 663-679.
천경석 (2018, 6, 19). ‘순간 욱’…분노조절장애 급증. 전북일보. http://www.jjan.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=2010040에서 2018, 7, 20 자료 얻음.
Aiken, L. S., West, S. G., & Reno, R. R. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schweizer, S. (2010). Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology:A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(2), 217-237.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
Barkham, M., Hardy, G. E., & Startup. M. (1994). The structure, validity and clinical relevance of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 67(2), 171-185.
Bastien, C. H., Vallières, A., & Morin, C. M. (2001). Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research. Sleep Medicine, 2(4), 297-307.
Berking, M., Wupperman, P., Reichardt, A., Pejic, T., Dippel, A., & Znoj, H. (2008). Emotion-regulation skills as a treatment target in psychotherapy. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46(11), 1230-1237.
Brissette, I., & Cohen, S. (2002). The contribution of individual differences in hostility to the associations between daily interpersonal conflict, affect and sleep. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(9), 1265-1274.
Buss, A. H., & Perry, M. (1992). The aggression questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(3), 452-459.
Caprara, G. V., Paciello, M., Gerbino, M., & Cugini, C. (2007). Individual differences conducive to aggression and violence: trajectories and correlates of irritability and hostile rumination through adolescence. Aggressive Behavior, 33(4), 359-374. doi:10.1002/ab.20192
Chambers, R., Gullone, E., & Allen, N. B. (2009). Mindful emotion regulation: An integrative review. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(6), 560-572.
Cho, Y. W., Song, M. L., & Morin, C. M. (2014). Validation of a Korean version of the insomnia severity index. Journal of Clinical Neurology, 10(3), 210-215.
Cohen, J. (1969). Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences (2nd ed.). New York:Academic Press.
Cote, K. A., McCormick, C. M., Geniole, S. N., Renn, R. P., & MacAulay, S. D. (2013). Sleep deprivation lowers reactive aggression and testosterone in men. Biological Psychology, 92(2), 249-256.
Cukrowicz, K. C., Otamendi, A., Pinto, J. V., Bernert, R. A., Krakow, B., & Joiner, T. E., Jr. (2006). The impact of insomnia and sleep disturbances on depression and suicidality. Dreaming, 16(1), 1-10. doi: 10.1037/1053-0797.16.1.1
Dahl, R. E. (2006). Sleeplessness and aggression in youth. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38(6), 641-642.
De Castro, B. O., Veerman, J. W., Koops, W., Bosch, J. D., & Monshouwer, H. J. (2002). Hostile attribution of intent and aggressive behavior: A meta-analysis. Child Development, 73(3), 916-934.
Derogatis, L. R. (1983). SCL-90-R: Administration, scoring and procedures manual-II. Towson, MD:Psychometric Research.
Derogatis, L. R., Rickels, K., & Rock, A. F. (1976). The SCL-90 and the MMPI: A step in the validation of a new self-report scale. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 128(3), 280-289.
Espie, C. A. (1999). Cognitive behaviour therapy as the treatment of choice for primary insomnia. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 3(2), 97-99.
Fix, R. L., & Fix, S. T. (2013). The effects of mindfulness-based treatments for aggression: A critical review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 18(2), 219-227.
Frazier, P. A., Tix, A. P., & Barron, K. E. (2004). Testing moderator and mediator effects in counseling psychology research. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51(1), 115-134.
Garnefski, N., Kraaij, V., & Spinhoven, P. (2001). Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems. Personality and Individual Differences, 30(8), 1311-1327.
Garnefski, N., Teerds, J., Kraaij, V., Legerstee, J., & van Den Kommer, T. (2004). Cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms:Differences between males and females. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(2), 267-276.
Gotlib, I. H., & Joormann, J. (2010). Cognition and depression: current status and future directions. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6, 285-312.
Granö, N., Vahtera, J., Virtanen, M., Keltikangas- Järvinen, L., & Kivimäki, M. (2008). Association of hostility with sleep duration and sleep disturbances in an employee population. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15(2), 73-80.
Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 271-299.
Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348-362.
Hammock, G. S., & Richardson, D. R. (1992). Predictors of aggressive behavior. Aggressive Behavior, 18(3), 219-229.
Hendrick, C., & Lilly, R. S. (1970). The structure of mood: A comparison between sleep deprivation and normal wakefulness conditions. Journal of Personality, 38(4), 453-465.
Hill, C. L., & Updegraff, J. A. (2012). Mindfulness and its relationship to emotional regulation. Emotion, 12(1), 81-90. doi: 10.1037/a0026355
Hofmann, S. G., & Asmundson, G. J. (2008). Acceptance and mindfulness-based therapy: new wave or old hat? Clinical Psychology Review, 28(1), 1-16.
Hofmann, S. G., Asnaani, A., Vonk, I. J., Sawyer, A. T., & Fang, A. (2012). The efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 36(5), 427-440.
Hülsheger, U. R., Alberts, H. J., Feinholdt, A., & Lang, J. W. (2013). Benefits of mindfulness at work: The role of mindfulness in emotion regulation, emotional exhaustion, and job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98(2), 310-325. doi:10. 1037/a0031313
Ireland, J. L., & Culpin, V. (2006). The relationship between sleeping problems and aggression, anger, and impulsivity in a population of juvenile and young offenders. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38(6), 649-655.
Johnson, E. O., & Breslau, N. (2001). Sleep problems and substance use in adolescence. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 64(1), 1-7.
Kamphuis, J., Meerlo, P., Koolhaas, J. M., & Lancel, M. (2012). Poor sleep as a potential causal factor in aggression and violence. Sleep Medicine, 13(4), 327-334.
Keller, P. S., Blincoe, S., Gilbert, L. R., Haak, E. A., & DeWall, C. N. (2014). Sleep deprivation and dating aggression perpetration in female college students: The moderating roles of trait aggression, victimization by partner, and alcohol use. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment &Trauma, 23(4), 351-368.
Koskenvuo, M., Kaprio, J., Rose, R. J., Kesãniemi, A., Sarna, S., Heikkilä, K., & Langinvainio, H. (1988). Hostility as a risk factor for mortality and ischemic heart disease in men. Psychosomatic Medicine, 50(4), 330-340. doi:10.1097/00006842-198807000-00002
Krizan, Z., & Herlache, A. D. (2016). Sleep disruption and aggression: Implications for violence and its prevention. Psychology of Violence, 6(4), 542-552.
Lauderdale, D. S., Knutson, K. L., Yan, L. L., Liu, K., & Rathouz, P. J. (2008). Self-reported and measured sleep duration: how similar are they? Epidemiology, 19(6), 838-845.
Lyons-Ruth, K. (1996). Attachment relationships among children with aggressive behavior problems:The role of disorganized early attachment patterns. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(1), 64-73.
Nadorff, M. R., Nazem, S., & Fiske, A. (2011). Insomnia symptoms, nightmares, and suicidal ideation in a college student sample. Sleep, 34(1), 93-98.
Ng, R., Ang, R. P., & Ho, M. H. (2012). Coping with anxiety, depression, anger and aggression: The mediational role of resilience in adolescents. Child & Youth Care Forum, 41(6), 529-546.
Ochsner, K. N., & Gross, J. J. (2005). The cognitive control of emotion. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(5), 242-249.
Parkinson, B., & Totterdell, P. (1999). Classifying affect-regulation strategies. Cognition & Emotion, 13(3), 277-303.
Peters, J. R., Smart, L. M., Eisenlohr-Moul, T. A., Geiger, P. J., Smith, G. T., & Baer, R. A. (2015). Anger rumination as a mediator of the relationship between mindfulness and aggression: The utility of a multidimensional mindfulness model. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 71(9), 871-884.
Roberton, T., Daffern, M., & Bucks, R. S. (2012). Emotion regulation and aggression. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 17(1), 72-82.
Roseman, I. J., Wiest, C., & Swartz, T. S. (1994). Phenomenology, behaviors, and goals differentiate discrete emotions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(2), 206-221.
Silk, J. S., Steinberg, L., & Morris, A. S. (2003). Adolescents' emotion regulation in daily life:Links to depressive symptoms and problem behavior. Child Development, 74(6), 1869-1880.
Stefanile, C., Matera, C., Nerini, A., Puddu, L., & Raffagnino, R. (2017). Psychological predictors of aggressive behavior among men and women. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1-22. doi:10.1177/0886260517737553
Suveg, C., Sood, E., Comer, J. S., & Kendall, P. C. (2009). Changes in emotion regulation following cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxious youth. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 38(3), 390-401.
Taub, J. M. (1977). Behavioral and psychological correlates of a difference in chronic sleep duration. Biological Psychology, 5(1), 29-45.
Valois, R. F., MacDonald, J. M., Bretous, L., Fischer, M. A., & Drane, J. W. (2002). Risk factors and behaviors associated with adolescent violence and aggression. American Journal of Health Behavior, 26(6), 454-464.
Vardar, E., Vardar, S. A., Molla, T., Kaynak, C., & Ersoz, E. (2008). Psychological symptoms and sleep quality in young subjects with different circadian preferences. Biological Rhythm Research, 39(6), 493-500.
Vohs, K. D., Glass, B. D., Maddox, W. T., & Markman, A. B. (2011). Ego depletion is not just fatigue: evidence from a total sleep deprivation experiment. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 2(2), 166-173.
Yang, Y., & Raine, A. (2009). Prefrontal structural and functional brain imaging findings in antisocial, violent, and psychopathic individuals: A meta- analysis. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 174(2), 81-88.
Yoo, S. S., Gujar, N., Hu, P., Jolesz, F. A., & Walker, M. P. (2007). The human emotional brain without sleep-a prefrontal amygdala disconnect. Current Biology, 17(20), R877-R878.
- 다운로드 수
- 조회수
- 0KCI 피인용수
- 0WOS 피인용수