Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology
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- P-ISSN1229-0653
- KCI
ISSN : 1229-0653
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Vol.10 No.2
Abstract
This paper is a review of the studies on the causes of law breaking and the reasons for law observance. Rule by law will be less cost-effective when it relies on compulsory and coercive enforcement of laws than when it is based on voluntary compliances. Governing by coercion consumes large amounts of public resources and such societies would be in constant peril of disequilibrium and instability. Studies on the reasons for voluntary compliances would be very valuable to achieve social stability without causing reactive antagonism against the legal authorities. Studies suggest that fear of punishment is not a major reason for law observance. Morality and equity of laws and legitimacy of law enforcement people such as polices and judges seem to be the major determinants of voluntary compliances with laws.
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of equity on tax evasion. Two groups of subjects were compared to each other in a simulated business computer game. One group was college students and the other group was small business owners. It was expected that the judgment of vertical equity is strongly influenced by personal norms and values regarding distributive justice, whereas the judgment of horizontal equity is more a function of the balance in actual outcomes. It was also expected that the college students' judgment of equity is strongly influenced by personal norms and value, whereas the equity judgment of business owners is more influenced by the actual outcomes. With the two groups, the following hypotheses were tested: (1) College students react sensitively to vertical inequity and show a greater degree of tax evasion when vertical equity is violated than when other types of equity are violated; (2) business owners react sensitively to horizontal inequity and show a greater degree of tax evasion when horizontal equity is violated than when other types of equity are violated. Both hypotheses were clearly supported. In addition, the results showed that violation of any type of equity increases tax evasion regardless of the type of the subject. Policy implications of the results were discussed.
Abstract
The present study was conducted to test an aspect of the model for the interpersonal misunderstandings(Ahn, 1995) through experiment using the 'betrayal of intimacy expectation' situation, in which 'Other doesn't give me help when I needed it'. It was found that the subjects with high need for affiliation had more self-referent thoughts than the subjects with low need for affiliation and this effect of need for affiliation was specially apparent in the condition in which other's help was anticipated. In the same condition, the subjects with high need for affiliation also experienced the emotion of disappointment more frequently than the subjects with low need for affiliation. Within subjects with high need for affiliation, the emotion of disappointment was experienced by more people when they anticipated other's help than when they did not.
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to examine the differences between two modes of information processing : information processing based on affect-ambivalent neutral attitude and an affect-absent neutral attitude. The hypothesis is that facing up to inconsistent information for a target person, subjects with affect-ambivalent neutral attitudes process information both evaluatively and descriptively, while subjects with affect-absent neutral attitudes process information only evaluatively. The results support the hypothesis. First, subjects with affect-ambivalent neutral attitudes perceive differently the meaning of stimuli traits to rating scale presented. Specifically, when an evaluative scale is presented, subjects perceived the evaluative meaning of stimuli traits and when an descriptive scale is presented, subjects perceived the descriptive meaning of stimuli traits. Second, when stimuli traits are evaluatively inconsistent, the stimuli traits were processed based on a descriptive meaning. On the other hand, when given stimuli traits are descriptively inconsistent, the stimuli traits were processed based on a evaluative meaning.
Abstract
The present study examined the effects of representative information of groups and the type of social comparison on evaluations of groups and their individual members. Experiment showed that evaluations of the groups were based on the representative information of the groups. The statistical means of test scores of two target groups were made to be identical with each other. However, the group with a negative representative information was evaluated more negatively than the group with a positive representative information was. Depending on the type of social comparison, evaluations on individuals were different. In between-group comparison condition, the evaluations on individual members were assimilated to the impression of the group. Although target individuals from two different groups had an identical test score, the target person who belonged to the group with a positive representative information was evaluated more positively than the target person who belonged to the group with a negative representative information. In within-group comparison condition, we examined the hypothesis that the evaluations of individual members would be contrasted to the evaluations of groups. The target individuals who belonged to the group with a negative representative information were expected to be evaluated more positively than the individuals who belonged to the group with a positive representative information. The result of the experiment partially supported the hypothesis. The expected results were found only in the middle range of the test scores of the groups. Implications of the experiment on the study of stereotypes, evaluation, and happiness were discussed.
Abstract
A questionnaire was adminstered to 478 male and female Korean college students to identify the love styles, the preferred charateristics of date and marriage partners, effects of background variables, and the relationships between love styles and preferred characteristics of partners. Although it was found that Hendrick and Hendrick's(1986) six love styles were also presented in Korean college students, Korean college students showed greater variances in Mania and Eros factors and lesser variances in Pragma and Ludus factors. Fourteen background variabies were significantly related to the love styles. The preferred characteristics of date and marriage partners were similar and were roughly same as the results of Buss et al.(1990). The preferred characteristics of date and marriage partners were significantly differed in 13 characteristics. Sixteen background variables were significantly related to the preferred characteristics of date and marriage partners. There were significant correlations between love styles and preferred characteristics. It was proposed that love styles should include as an component the preferencs of partners characteristics.