Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology
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ISSN : 1229-0653
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Vol.18 No.2
Abstract
There were numerous attempts to explain diverse social issues in Korea, especially focusing on the generational differences which were well expressed Worldcup, 2002 & 2002 presidential election. At this study, we identified that the differences of generations in Korea was not caused by that of age, but by that of cohort groups. The psychological model of generation was proposed to explain the differences of lifestyle among different cohort groups (Whang, 1999). The hypothesis of this research was to identify the lifestyles of different cohorts. The indices of 12 psychological values were applied to 1500 adults that were sampled on national survey. Five types of lifestyles were identified to explain the Koreans' values and attitude across age groups of 20 to over 50. Realistic-conformer type takes about 33.4%, materialistic neo-feudalist about 23.2%, Invidualistic Bobos about 16.8%, Collectivistically Open-hearted about 14.0%, Traditional Conservative about 12.6%. The proportion of lifestyle groups were compared by diverse population features. The results of this study has an implication for correlating individual lifestyles to cohort characteristics. The generational differences may be based on those of lifestyles of diverse cohort groups.
Abstract
This study examined the following hypotheses: First, as found in the previous study(Lee & Hahn, 2003) with male college students, both of the 'womanly- manly' and ‘intelligent- dull' facial dimensions would be also important in the attractiveness ratings of women's faces among men in their 30s. Second, sex-role beliefs, masculinity, dominance, extroversion, and dependency of men would moderate these effects. The main findings of this study were as follows : (1) Men rated womanly faces as more attractive than manly faces, and men rated manly and dull faces as less attractive than the faces in the other conditions; (2) Manly female faces were rated as less attractive by men who were high in masculinity, high in traditional sex-role, or low in dependency. And womanly female faces were rated as more attractive by men who were high in traditional sex-role or low in dependency; (3) Women with the womanly and dull faces were rated as more attractive by men who were high in dominance, extroversion, or traditional sex-role. The implications of this study and suggestions for future study were discussed.
Abstract
On the basis of the self-regulation theory of social comparisons processes(Hahn, 1999, Hahn & Jang, 2003), we investigated the effects of social comparison on the choice of comparison target through an experiment. A 2(Social comparison goal: self-promotion/self-protection) × 2(comparison target: upward/downward) × 2(comparison outcome: success/failure) complete factorial design was used. Dependent measure was the choice frequency of each comparison targets. One hundred and twenty college students were randomly assigned to one of 8 experimental conditions. The main hypotheses were confirmed. The results were as follows: 1) More upward social comparison targets were chosen in the self-promotion goal condition than those in the self-protection goal condition, 2) more downward social comparison targets were chosen in the self-protection goal condition than those in the self-promotion goal condition, 3) More upward social comparison targets were chosen in the self-promotion goal/upward comparison/success outcome condition than those in the self-promotion goal/downward comparison/success outcome condition, and 4) More downward social comparison targets were chosen in the self-protection goal/failure outcome condition than those in the self-protection goal/success outcome condition. Finally, the results and the limitations of this study were discussed in terms of the previous studies. And the implications for future studies were added.
Abstract
This research is dealing the effect of message character which are object of word of mouth, on WOM transmission in the process of interpretation of various messages using individual's prior cognition mainly, concentrating on voluntary transmission phenomenon. Specifically, it researches how the salience of message, experienced individually by the prior beliefs or the value of message, effects on encouraging the intention of WOM transmission. For that purpose, an experiment was controlled in two 2×3 factorial design to test hypotheses, concentrating on the character of message(salience high/low) and the prior beliefs of receptor(high/median/low), or the perceived information value(high/median/low) and was experimented on the subject of 210 undergraduates with the prior manipulated news which is only different at the intensity of salience. The results of empirical test are as follows. First, the intention of word-of-mouth was encouraged in the case of being exposed to more salient message. Second, both of the main effect and interaction between prior beliefs and messages wasn't influence on the intention of word-of-mouth in the focus of the message salience. But as messages were perceived more important and useful, the intention of word-of-mouth was enhanced accordingly. Lastly, the interaction between the intensity of message salience and information value were significantly took effect. On voluntary transmission phenomenon of the message by Word of Mouth, this results were very suggestive that the intention of word-of-mouth was lower by individual's perception as less important, useful message, even if the messages were more salient and unexpectable.
Abstract
We investigated people's perception of discrimination owing to the membership of gender and regional groups. The predictability of the perceived structural variables of group such as the group status, legitimacy and stability, the variables of individual differences such as the endorsement of norms of distributive justice, individual and collective self-esteem, and the socio-demographic variables to the perceived discrimination was examined. The hypothesized effects derived from the theory of legitimacy were confirmed in that the perception of group status and legitimacy predicted the perceived discrimination negatively, whereas the perception of stability positively predicted the perceived discrimination, and the strength of the predictability was in the order of the group status, legitimacy and stability. The pattern of the negative effect of legitimacy was steeper when the group status was perceived as low(or female) in comparison with the case when it was perceived as high(or male). Collective self-esteem, which was predicted by the interaction effect of group status and the legitimacy, was negatively related to the perceived discrimination. It was revealed that the norm of equality was an effective predictor. In the case of gender group, the norm of equality was influential to the female's perceived discrimination whereas the norm of equity was influential to the male's perceived discrimination. The results and the meaning of the study were discussed.
Abstract
This study examined the effects of Cognitive interview on children and adults' recall(accuracy rates). Participants were 79 second grade of G primary school in Seoul and 57 undergraduate students of K university in Kyonggi. We analysed the amount of participants, recall according to type of interviews and ages. After participants were watched a video recording of a staged fight event, they were randomly assigned to the standard interview group or cognitive interview group. The control group were administerd recall procedure(try again) and the experiment group were administerd the cognitive interview procedures. then they were asked to recall the information about what they watched. As a result, when using standard interview, there were significantly difference in accuracy rates between children and adults, however, when using the cognitive interview, there were no significantly difference. That is children has significantly increased difference of accuracy rates in recall between standard interview group and cognitive interview group than adults. We therefore consider cognitive interview is more effective interview techniques for children than adults.