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Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology

ISSN : 1229-0653

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Vol.23 No.2

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Exploring the Components of Positivity among Adult Koreans： Development and Validation of a Positive Attitude Scale

Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology / Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, (P)1229-0653;
2009, v.23 no.2, pp.13-42
https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2009.23.2.002

(2009). Exploring the Components of Positivity among Adult Koreans： Development and Validation of a Positive Attitude Scale. Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, 23(2), 13-42, https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2009.23.2.002

Abstract

This study explored the components of positivity that help adult Koreans maintain a positive attitude toward the self and the society. Taking multiple perspectives was conceptualized as a core characteristic of positivity that enables one to find meanings in and/or to create meanings for the self and the society in which one lives. Thus positive cognitive tendencies such as taking multiple perspectives were hypothesized to promote self-acceptance, self-belief, self-control, adaptation to and acceptance of the society. Based on these conceptualizations of individuals' positivity, preliminary scale items were constructed, and development and validation of a positive attitude scale was attempted, using 352 college students and 401 adults. As expected, results of exploratory factor analyses revealed 6 factors, which were named as multiple perspectives, self-acceptance, self-belief, self-control, social adaptation, and acceptance of society. Among these factors, however, self-belief factor was excluded because its items were found to be loaded with other factors as well, and because results of confirmatory factor analyses supported 5 factors model better than the other one. The final 5 factor scale was found to be reliable in terms of internal consistency and test-retest reliability, and to be significantly correlated with similar positive traits of the self as well as with psychosocial well-being variables in an expected direction, suggesting that the scale has good construct and predictive validity. As for incremental validity, positive attitude scale augmented prediction of positive emotion and stress-related reactions beyond a self-esteem measure. Finally, implications and limitations of this study were discussed, and future directions for this line of research were suggested.

keywords
positive psychology, positive attitude, taking multiple perspectives, self positivity, self-acceptance, self-control, self-esteem, social positivity, social adaptation, acceptance of society, scale development, 긍정심리, 긍정적 관점, 자기긍정성, 사회긍정성, 관점 다각화, 사회적응, 사회수용, 자기수용, 자기조절, 자기존중감, 희망감, 긍정적 태도 척도, 타당도

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