Cultural Variation in False-Uniqueness Bias: Culture and Self-Enhancement Revisited

최근 일부 문화심리학 연구들은 동아시아인들이 자기고양 동기를 가지고 있지 않다는 생각에 반대하며, 이들이 적어도 자신에게 적절하고 중요한 특질들에 관해서는 자기고양 편향을 보인다고 주장한다. 본 연구는 동아시아인들(혹은 집단주의 성향을 가진 사람들)과 서구인들(혹은 개인주의 성향을 가진 사람들) 간의 자기고양 편향의 차이가 특질영역에 따라 다른 수준으로 나타나는지를 검증하였다. 더 나아가 독립적, 혹은 상호의존적 자기개념을 점화하는 것이 자기고양에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 탐색하였다. 자기고양 경향은 허위 독특성 편향으로 측정하였다. 연구 결과, 허위 독특성 편향은 한국인들보다 미국인들이 강하게 보이며, 독립성 영역보다 상호의존성 영역에서 더 두드러짐을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 독립성 영역에서와는 달리 상호의존성 영역에서는 집단주의 성향이 강한 사람들도 집단주의 성향이 약한 사람들만큼의 허위 독특성 편향을 보임을 알 수 있었다. 더불어, 개인의 집단주의 성향은 특질 중요도를 매개로 하여 상호의존성에 관한 허위 독특성 편향에 영향을 줌을 확인하였다. 마지막으로, 개인의 문화 성향과 점화의 방향이 일치할 때 허위 독특성 편향이 증가함을 알 수 있었다.

keywords: 허위 독특성 편향, 문화, 자기고양, 문화 점화, false-uniqueness bias, culture, self-enhancement, self-construal priming

Abstract

Recent research in cultural psychology challenges the notion that East Asians lack a self-enhancement motive, and argues that they do self-enhance, at least, on traits they find personally relevant and important. The present study examined if self-enhancement of East Asians (or individuals with collectivistic orientation) as opposed to Westerners (or individuals with individualistic orientation) would differ by trait domain. In addition, this study explored effects of priming independent vs. interdependent self-construal on self-enhancement. The tendency toward self-enhancement was measured by a false-uniqueness bias (FUB). It was found that the FUB was substantially stronger for Americans than for Koreans and greater in interdependence than in independence domain. Moreover, in the interdependence domain individuals high on collectivism showed the FUB as much as individuals low on collectivism did. In addition, the perceived importance of interdependent traits mediated the FUB on these traits. Finally, the FUB was affected by self-construal priming such that the FUB became stronger when the momentary priming of self-construal was congruent with one's chronic orientation toward collectivism vs. individualism.

keywords: 허위 독특성 편향, 문화, 자기고양, 문화 점화, false-uniqueness bias, culture, self-enhancement, self-construal priming

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논문 상세

Vol.25 No.2

허위 독특성 편향의 문화차: 문화와 자기고양에 대한 재고

Cultural Variation in False-Uniqueness Bias: Culture and Self-Enhancement Revisited

초록

Abstract

참고문헌

한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격