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Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology

ISSN : 1229-0653

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Vol.25 No.3

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Culture and Gender Role Identity : Cross-cultural Comparative Study across Korea, China, Japan and US

Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology / Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, (P)1229-0653;
2011, v.25 no.3, pp.31-45
https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2011.25.3.003

(2011). Culture and Gender Role Identity : Cross-cultural Comparative Study across Korea, China, Japan and US. Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, 25(3), 31-45, https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2011.25.3.003

Abstract

The constructs of 'Autonomy' and 'relatedness' as prototype of masculinity and femininity have something to do with the cultural dimensions of individualism-collectivism or independent self construal-interdependent self construal. In this study, gender and cultural differences on gender role identity(positive and negative aspects of masculinity and femininity) were examined. The major findings of this study conducted to college students in South Korea, China, Japan, and the US. are as follows: First, most respondents highly evaluated positive aspect of masculinity and femininity than negative aspect, and also femininity scores than masculinity scores. Second, the correlation analysis among positive and negative aspects of masculinity and femininity showed a different pattern of correlation depending on nation. In addition, the theoretical relationships that previous studies assumed were only supported by American men. Finally, Although significant differences according to both of country and gender were identified, country effect was appeared to be greater than gender effect. Specifically, American students showed high level of positive aspect of masculinity and femininity, by contrast, Japanese students showed high level of negative aspect of masculinity and femininity. Korean students had shown intermediate levels between Chinese and Japanese. And the degrees of positive gender role identity of Chinese were very similar to that of American. These results indicate that development of gender role identity is strongly influenced by the dominant sociocultural values and imply that it is important to focus on the cultural heterogeneity within a homogeneous culture in cross-cultural comparative study.

keywords
성역할정체감, 성차, 독립적-상호협조적 자기개념, 비교문화, gender role identity, gender difference, independent self construal-interdependent self construal, cross-cultural comparative study

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