Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology
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ISSN : 1229-0653
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Vol.27 No.4
Abstract
Hierarchical relationship is a very prominent feature of Korean society. We conducted three empirical investigations on this phenomenon from a social psychological perspective. Study 1 and 2 examined the politeness behavior in writing a letter as affected by the status of interacting partner’s relative status (senior/ equal/ junior in Study 1 and senior/ junior in Study 2). In addition we examined the effect of social distance between the interacting parties and the effect of gender. The results revealed that the letters written to the superior was more polite and all adopting honorifics than those written to the junior/equal in placing a request (Study 1) and in declining a request placed on (Study 2). This hierarchy effect was equally strong both gender and hold even when the relationship is close although the extent was decreased (Study 2). This result is different from the theory of politeness behavior (Brown & Levinson, 1987). This robustness of hierarchy effect regardless of context is not accountable from a strategic use of politeness. We must attend to the normative power of hierarchy observed in Korean society. Study 3 investigated the phenomena related to relational stress of hierarchy. 200 college respondents rated their feeling of discomfort to each of the behavior violating interactional norm by the partner. The relationship with partner was close or distant and senior or junior. The findings showed that when the violations were committed by juniors or acquaintances, participants reported higher degree of hierarchy relational stress. These three studies conceptualized hierarchical relational stress as common in daily relationship. The understanding of cultural psychology should attend to the honorifics for its observation is necessary for a normal flow of communication among Koreans. Implications of the current study are discussed for the understanding of interpersonal conflict and politeness and future directions are suggested.
Abstract
Using historiometric method, this article analyzed the characteristics of the two creative domains of Korean modern novel writing and modern painting, and explored the socio-developmental conditions that yielded creative outputs in each domain. In study 1, the career landmarks of those two domains were compared and it was discovered that Korean modern novel writing required faster ideation than painting and also its ideation-output ratio was higher than painting. We explained this result in the historical contexts of the two domains. Based on these domain characteristics, in study 2 we tested the effects of social factors in developmental period such as birth order, parental loss and traumatic experience, and the effects of factors in active period such as competition, mentors and versatility to the creators' lifetime eminence. There were domain-general positive effect of traumatic experience in developmental period, domain-specific effect of versatility, and domain-specific negative effect of number of mentors. Finally, we discussed the implications of this study.
Abstract
Despite the growing importance of residential mobility, it has received relatively little research attention in Korea. The present research examined how interdependent self-construal and pursuit of social support would vary as a function of one’s personal history of residential moves. The results demonstrated that the number of residential moves was negatively associated with collective-interdependent self-construal (characterized by the degree to which the individual defines the self in terms of group memberships), whereas it was not related to relational-interdependent self-construal (characterized by the degree to which the individual defines the self in terms of close relationships). In addition, the results revealed that individuals with frequent moves were less likely to seek social support. Directions for future research on residential mobility are discussed.
Abstract
In Korea, judgments of the trials have been traditionally determined by judges. The press and people have always cast questions about the properness of court’s decision making process because they could not access the information of court’s decisions. Especially the issue has become sensational when a defendant obtains lenient sentence by applying voluntary intoxication defence as a mitigating factor. Now in Korea, jury trials became operative. In this study, we first checked the jury's decision making process on the criteria of GBMI or NGRI by voluntary intoxication in Korea and compared it with the corresponding criteria of the U.S. Then we analyzed all voluntary intoxication defence cases of jury trials in Korea from 2008 to 2011 in order to find differences of sentencing between jury and judge decisions. We found the interaction effect between subject of the judgment and acceptance of voluntary intoxication defence. When voluntary intoxication defence was accepted, jury made more lenient sentences than the judge but when it was not, jury made harsher sentences than the judge. Analyses of variances presented significant main effects of crime types as well as acceptance of voluntary intoxication defence. In comparing the effects of subject of the judgment (jury or judge) for the acceptance of voluntary intoxication defence and repeated crime, we only found a main effect of acceptance of voluntary intoxication defence.
Abstract
Thepresent study aimed to examine the effects of adolescents’ attachment to their father on their aggressive attitudes. Adolescents’ empathetic understanding was hypothesized to serve as a mediator between their attachment to father and aggressive attitudes. Participants included 190 seventh-through-eighth graders (96 boys) in middle school in Kyounggi province. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized relations. Results revealed that there were no significant gender differences and that adolescents’ attachment to their father was related to their aggressive attitudes not directly, but indirectly through their empathetic understanding. That is,adolescents’ attachment to their father has a positive impact on their development of empathy, which in turn reduces their aggressive attitudes. Given the fact that adolescents’ aggression-related attitudes, beliefs, and values should be revised to effectively prevent school violence, the present findings showing that adolescents’ empathy cultivated via their secure attachment to father plays a critical role in their aggressive attitudes have substantial implications for school-based prevention and intervention effort.
Abstract
This study was performed to compare a delinquent group who had education in Alternative Education Center with a risk group consisting of forty middle and high students who belonged to upper fifteen percent of those with externalizing behavior problem subscale in K-YSR and a normal group consisted of hundred students without problematic behaviors, for any difference in anger expression styles and aggressive behaviors according to their attachment types. The mean age of the three groups was fifteen point seven; at total of 180 students were measured for Attachment Style inventory, State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, Korean-Youth Self Report-CBCL(K-YSR) and Aggressive Behaviors scale. The major results are as following. First, attachment types of the delinquent and risk groupwere distributed of fearful type, secure type, dismissing type and preoccupied type from the most in order, while those of normal group were distributed of secured type, dismissingt ype, preoccupied type, fearful in order. Second, in a anger expression styles, about the delinquent and risk group with preoccupied type were higher anger-out than normal group. Third, inaggressive behaviors about the delinquent and risk group with preoccupied type were higher indirect aggressive behaviors than normal group. This study explored preoccupied type among attachment style, externalizing behavio rproblem which have much relation with juvenile delinquency. Overall, the results suggested that risk group with possibility of potential delinquency required preventive and therapeutic interventio.