ISSN : 1229-0653
개인의 고유한 특질로서의 낙관성은 기존의 연구들에서 일관되게 행복 관련 변인들과 정적인 상관관계를 맺고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 이를 바탕으로 연구자들은 낙관성을 행복의 원인 변인으로 간주해왔지만, 행복의 긍정성이 다양한 삶의 영역들에 미치는 효과를 고려할 때, 행복이 낙관성의 원인일 가능성도 배제할 수 없다. 따라서 본 연구는 낙관성과 행복의 인과 방향을 체계적으로 조사하기 위해 국내 최초로 종단 자료를 이용하여 낙관성과 행복 간의 쌍방향적 관계를 탐색하였다. 대학생들(N=270)을 대상으로 총 3회에 걸쳐 1년마다 특질 수준에서의 낙관성과 주관적 안녕감을 측정하여 자기회귀교차지연모형을 통해 검증한 결과, 이전 시점의 낙관성은 이후 시점의 행복을 정적으로 예측하였다. 그러나 이전 시점의 행복은 이후 시점의 낙관성을 예측하지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 낙관성이 행복의 선행 변인임이 실증적으로 검증되었다. 논의에서는 연구결과가 갖는 함의와 제한점을 검토하였다.
The trait optimism has been studied extensively and found to be linked to a host of positive life outcomes. Across previous studies, optimism has been found to be positively correlated with subjective well-being. Based on these correlational data, researchers have suggested that optimism increases subjective well-being, without empirically ruling out the possibility that subjective well-being predicts optimism. This possibility needs to be empirically tested considering the recent study findings that psychological well-being has a positive influence in various life domains such as achievement and relationship. Therefore, the present study aimed to clarify the bidirectional causal relationship between optimism and subjective well-being at trait level by analyzing the yearly longitudinal data set of Korean undergraduate students (N = 270) across three time points. The results from the autoregressive cross-lagged model showed that previous optimism predicted subsequent subjective well-being positively, whereas previous subjective well-being did not predict subsequent optimism. The theoretical and practical implications of the present results are discussed.
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