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Are Optimistic People Happy or Are Happy People Optimistic?: A Longitudinal Analysis for the Examination of Causal Relationship between Optimism and Happiness

Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology / Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, (P)1229-0653;
2016, v.30 no.3, pp.95-114
https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2016.30.3.006




Abstract

The trait optimism has been studied extensively and found to be linked to a host of positive life outcomes. Across previous studies, optimism has been found to be positively correlated with subjective well-being. Based on these correlational data, researchers have suggested that optimism increases subjective well-being, without empirically ruling out the possibility that subjective well-being predicts optimism. This possibility needs to be empirically tested considering the recent study findings that psychological well-being has a positive influence in various life domains such as achievement and relationship. Therefore, the present study aimed to clarify the bidirectional causal relationship between optimism and subjective well-being at trait level by analyzing the yearly longitudinal data set of Korean undergraduate students (N = 270) across three time points. The results from the autoregressive cross-lagged model showed that previous optimism predicted subsequent subjective well-being positively, whereas previous subjective well-being did not predict subsequent optimism. The theoretical and practical implications of the present results are discussed.

keywords
낙관성, 주관적 안녕감, 종단 연구, 자기회귀교차지연 모형, optimism, subjective well-being, autoregressive cross-lagged model, longitudinal study

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