The Effects of Induced Mood on Performance of Defensive Pessimists and Strategic Optimists

본 연구는 방어적 비관주의자와 전략적 낙관주의자가 미래의 수행을 어떤 방식으로 예측하는지 확인하고, 기분이 이들의 수행에 미치는 영향을 검증해보고자 하였다. 서울소재 남녀 대학생 459명을 대상으로 R-DPQ와 DPQ 척도를 실시하였다. 수집된 자료에서 선발된 전략적 낙관주의자 47명과 방어적 비관주의자 51명이 실험에 참가하였고, 이들을 각 집단(긍정적 기분, 부정적 기분, 통제군)에 무선 할당하였다. 문장과 음악을 함께 제시하는 혼합 기분 유도법을 통해 긍정적, 부정적 기분을 유도하였고, 암산과제로 참가자들의 수행을 측정하였다. 연구 결과를 살펴보면, 첫째로 과제 수행 전 실험 참가자들에게 자신의 수행에 대한 기대를 평정해보도록 한 결과, 방어적 비관주의자가 전략적 낙관주의자보다 수행에 대한 기대가 유의하게 낮았다. 둘째, 기분이 방어적 비관주의자와 전략적 낙관주의자의 수행에 미치는 영향을 검증한 결과, 기분과 인지전략 각각의 주 효과는 유의하지 않았지만, 두 변인 간의 상호작용효과가 유의하게 나타났다. 방어적 비관주의자는 긍정적, 부정적 처치군보다 통제군에서 과제 수행을 더 잘한 반면, 전략적 낙관주의자는 통제군에서 수행이 가장 저조하게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 개인이 사용하는 인지전략에 따라 기분이 수행에 미치는 영향이 달라짐을 시사한다. 본 연구는 개인이 사용하는 인지전략과 MAI(Mood As Input) 모델에 근거하여 도출된 결과를 설명하였다.

keywords: defensive pessimism, strategic optimism, mood as input model, 방어적 비관주의, 전략적 낙관주의, MAI(Mood As Input) 모델

Abstract

This study aimed to examine how defensive pessimists and strategic optimists predict future performance and identify the effects of induced mood on their performance. A total of 459 university students in Seoul completed the Revised Defensive Pessimism Questionnaire(R-DPQ) and the Defensive Pessimism Questionnaire (DPQ). As a result, 47 strategic optimists and 51 defensive pessimists participated in this research and randomly assigned them to each group (positive, negative and control group). Positive and negative moods were induced by the ‘mixed mood induction method’ that presented sentences and music together, and performance of the participants was measured by the mental arithmetic task. The main findings were as follows: First, the results of expectation ratings indicated that the defensive pessimists had significantly lower expectations for performance than the strategic optimists. Second, an examination of the effects of mood on the performance of defensive pessimists and strategic optimists showed that the main effects of mood and cognitive strategies were not significant, but the interaction effect between the two variables was significant. Defensive pessimists performed better in the control condition than in the positive and negative mood condition, whereas strategic optimists had the lowest performance in the control condition. These results demonstrate that the effects of mood on performance varied, depending on an individual’s strategy. This study explains the results based on the cognitive strategy and the MAI(Mood As Input) model.

keywords: defensive pessimism, strategic optimism, mood as input model, 방어적 비관주의, 전략적 낙관주의, MAI(Mood As Input) 모델

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논문 상세

Vol.31 No.4

유도된 기분이 방어적 비관주의자와 전략적 낙관주의자의 수행에 미치는 영향

The Effects of Induced Mood on Performance of Defensive Pessimists and Strategic Optimists

초록

Abstract

참고문헌

한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격