Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology
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ISSN : 1229-0653
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Vol.32 No.3
Abstract
This study investigated the perceptions of criminal voyeurism(illegal shooting crime), and their relationships with gender and Ambivalent Sexism. A total of 291 males and females responded to the questionnaire. Questionnaire involved criminal motives, crime exposure experience, self-protection behavior, victim and perpetrator blame, responsibility, and sentence judgment. and Ambivalent Sexism scale. The independent sample t-test, chi-square test, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were used. Gender difference were found on perception of criminal voyeurism: Women and men differently perceived motives for criminal voyeurism. While Women reported more frequent experiences of witnessing criminal voyeurism than men did, men had more experience of watching criminal voyeurism shootings than women did. There was also a gender difference in the self-protection behaviors: Women reported more frequent and various self-protection behaviors. For Ambivalent Sexism attitude, males exhibited a higher Ambivalent Sexism attitude than females, both in Hostile and Benevolent Sexism. As to perception of criminal voyeurism, males tended to blame victims more for criminal voyeurism case than females, although sentencing judgement on criminal voyeurism did not differ by gender. According to correlation and regression analysis, perpetrator responsibility and victim blame was differently related by gender and Ambivalent Sexism sub-factor. Finally, practical and theoretical implications as well as limitations of this study were discussed.
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the mediating role of cognitive flexibility between the relationship between belief in a just world(BJW) and anxiety, while investigating whether entrapment moderated the effects of BJW on cognitive flexibility. To collect data, 367 college students in Seoul and Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea completed a questionnaire regarding BJW, anxiety, cognitive flexibility, and entrapment. Results showed that cognitive flexibility partially mediated the relationship between BJW and anxiety. In addition, entrapment moderated negatively the relationship between BJW and cognitive flexibility. That is, as entrapment increased, the positive effect of BJW on cognitive flexibility decreased. Lastly, the interaction of BJW and entrapment influenced anxiety through cognitive flexibility. Based on these findings, the limitations and implications for practice and future research were discussed.
Abstract
This research reported the development and psychometric properties of the coping styles with envy scale. Envy is a painful and unpleasant emotion that results from an upward social comparison, leading to either a undesirable or desirable outcome depending on the coping styles. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted using two samples. Analyses identified three coping styles with envy: self-enhancement styles, negative evaluation about the other person, and positive evaluation about the other person. Internal consistency for three coping styles with envy scale were good. Furthermore, the association between coping styles with envy scale and the related constructs was analyzed to test construct validity. The results showed that the coping styles with envy scale was significantly related with self-esteem and the scale significantly affected negative emotions, psychological well being, and friendship, controlling for dispositional envy. Overall, the findings suggested that coping styles with envy scale was a reliable and valid scale that measure the coping styles with envy experience.
Abstract
People say time flies during happy moments. We examined whether this truism would reflect reality using a retrospective paradigm. Specifically, we hypothesized that, once people think that they were happy within a certain time window, they would believe that time flew by so fast during the period. We further predicted that perceived flow would play a critical role in this process. In support of these hypotheses, Study 1 showed the predicted positive relation between happiness and retrospective time perception such that participants indicated that happier days passed more quickly during 14 days. In Study 2, participants recalling a happy day reported that time passed more quickly than those recalling an unhappy day. Moreover, perceived flow mediated the effect. Finally, Study 3 showed that manipulated happiness led participants to believe that time passed more quickly in their memory, independent of their actual experiences. Also, the mediating effect of perceived flow was replicated.
Abstract
In the era of multicultural society, one of the social issues in Korea is hatred toward immigrants. This study suggested emotion regulation as a way to resolve this issue and investigated the effect of emotion regulation on changing emotions toward immigrants. In study 1, 236 participants completed online survey in which emotion regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal, emotion suppression) and emotional experiences (sympathy, fear, hostility, and anger) toward immigrant workers were asked. Results showed that when age, gender, right-wing authoritarianism, and hostile attribution bias were controlled, sympathy was explained by cognitive reappraisal and emotion suppression. In addition, hostility was explained by emotion suppression. Study 2 was designed to investigate the effect of training on the change of emotional experience toward immigrants. In the training session, participants exercised cognitive reappraisal for 15 minutes upon the exposure to a series of emotion-eliciting pictures. Participants in control group were instructed to accept aroused emotions as it is for the same time amount of time. Participants completed three times of emotion ratings including post-training session (Time 1) and two times of online follow-up sessions for the following two months (Times 2 and 3). Results of hierarchical linear model, in which three times of emotion ratings are entered as within-person variables and group conditions as a between-person variable, showed that training group (n = 27) reported higher sympothy than the control (n = 27). The changing rate in the sympathy across times did not differ across groups. The results suggest the potential of short-term effect of cognitive reappraisal training in reducing negative emotions toward immigrants in Korea.
Abstract
The present study examined the interaction of wrongdoer’s socioeconomic status(SES) and the ambiguity of criminal intent in punitive judgment. One hundred ninety two participants were randomly exposed to one of four versions of scenarios varying in the wrongdoer’s SES (high vs. low) and the ambiguity of criminal intent (high or low) and then asked to make punitive judgments. The results showed that the wrongdoers with high SES (vs. low SES) were more responsible and deserved harsher punishment. Of more importance, the impacts of SES on perceived responsibility and punitive judgment were moderated by the ambiguity of criminal intent. That is, the heavier responsibility and severe punishment on wrongdoers with high SES were found only when the criminal intent was ambiguously described. It was not true in the low ambiguity context. The further analyses revealed that the impacts of SES on punitive judgment were mediated by perceived responsibility and the mediated effect were moderated by ambiguity of criminal intent. The results suggest the critical role of uncertainty in punitive judgment and their implications on potential biases of legal systems were discussed.