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ISSN : 1229-0653

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Vol.32 No.3

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행복 회상과 시간지각: 행복한 시간은 빨리 지나간 것으로 기억된다

Happiness and retrospective time perception: Time flies in happy memories

한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격 / Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, (P)1229-0653;
2018, v.32 no.3, pp.59-82
https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2018.32.3.004
조영원 (서강대학교)
나진경 (서강대학교)
조영원, & 나진경. (2018). 행복 회상과 시간지각: 행복한 시간은 빨리 지나간 것으로 기억된다. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 32(3), 59-82, https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2018.32.3.004

초록

우리는 행복한 시간이 천천히 흘러가기를 바라지만 그 시간이 지나고 나면 늘 그 짧음에 아쉬워하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 과거를 행복했던 경험으로 의미 지어 회상하는 행위가 과거의 시간 흐름 지각에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 회상적 시간 판단(retrospective time estimation) 역시 인지 및 정서와 같은 다양한 요인에 의해 쉽게 영향을 받는 기억의 일종임을 고려하면, 과거를 행복했던 경험으로 떠올리는 것이 회상되는 사건의 유형에 영향을 주어, 주로 몰입했던 일화를 떠올리게 만들고, 결과적으로 과거의 시간 전체가 빠르게 흘러간 것으로 느끼게 할 것이라 예상할 수 있다. 이러한 가설을 검증하고자 연구 1에서는 일일 보고 방식을 통하여 행복감과 속도감의 정적관계를 확인하였다. 연구 2에서는 참여자에게 행복한 날과 불행한 날을 회상하게 하고 그날의 속도감과 몰입감을 측정하였다. 그 결과 행복 회상 조건에서 하루가 더 빨리 지나간 것을 발견하였다. 또한, 이러한 회상 조건과 속도감의 관계가 하루의 몰입감에 의해 매개되는 것을 확인하였다. 연구 3에서는 정서유발 영상을 통해 회상 시 행복감을 조작하여 실제 경험과는 독립적으로 그 효과를 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구 결과, 실제 경험과 관계없이 조작된 행복감은 몰입감을 통하여 빠른 속도감 회상으로 이어졌다. 즉, 사람들이 과거의 특정 기간을 행복하다고 회상하게 되면 그 기간을 더 몰입한 것으로 기억하게 되어 빠르게 흘러간 것으로 느끼게 되는 경향이 있음을 시사한다.

keywords
시간지각, 과거 회상, 행복, 몰입, time perception, retrospection, happiness, flow

Abstract

People say time flies during happy moments. We examined whether this truism would reflect reality using a retrospective paradigm. Specifically, we hypothesized that, once people think that they were happy within a certain time window, they would believe that time flew by so fast during the period. We further predicted that perceived flow would play a critical role in this process. In support of these hypotheses, Study 1 showed the predicted positive relation between happiness and retrospective time perception such that participants indicated that happier days passed more quickly during 14 days. In Study 2, participants recalling a happy day reported that time passed more quickly than those recalling an unhappy day. Moreover, perceived flow mediated the effect. Finally, Study 3 showed that manipulated happiness led participants to believe that time passed more quickly in their memory, independent of their actual experiences. Also, the mediating effect of perceived flow was replicated.

keywords
시간지각, 과거 회상, 행복, 몰입, time perception, retrospection, happiness, flow

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