Emotion change toward multicultural immigrants through emotion regulation

다문화 사회로 진입하고 있는 한국 사회에서 다문화 이주민에 대한 국민의 부정적 정서는 사회적 문제로 대두되고 있다. 이를 해결하는 방안 모색의 목적으로 본 연구에서는 정서조절의 영향력에 대해 알아보았다. 연구 1에서 연구자들은 20대에서 50대의 성인남녀 236명의 기질적 정서조절 정도를 측정한 후 그들이 외국인 노동자에게 가지는 정서(동정심, 두려움, 적대감, 분노)를 설문을 통해 알아보았다. 회귀분석 결과, 나이, 성별, 우익권위주의, 적대적 귀인 편향 정도를 통제하였을 때 정서조절의 전략 중 하나인 인지적 재평가가 높은 동정심을, 또 다른 형태의 정서조절 전략인 정서억압이 낮은 동정심을 유의미하게 설명하는 것으로 나타났다. 정서억압은 또한 높은 적대감을 유의미하게 설명하는 것으로 나타났다. 연구 2에서는 정서조절의 훈련을 한 후 정서조절이 다문화 이주민(외국인 노동자, 결혼 이주민, 외국인 범죄자)에 대한 정서 경험 변화에 영향을 미치는지를 추적연구를 통해 알아보았다. 훈련 세션에는 총 87명이 훈련 집단 또는 통제 집단에 참가하여 인지적 재평가에 대한 훈련을 받거나 대조적으로 정서를 그대로 받아들이는 것에 대한 지시사항을 들었다. 참가자는 훈련 직후와 그 후 두 달간 한 달 간격으로 총 3회차에 걸쳐 다문화 이주민에 대한 정서를 보고하였다. 3회차에 걸친 정서의 변화를 개인 내 변인으로 하고, 훈련 여부를 개인 간 변인으로 하여 위계적 선형 모델을 통해 분석해 본 결과, 훈련 집단(n = 27)의 동정심 평균이 통제 집단(n = 27)보다 유의미하게 더 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 회차에 따른 동정심의 변화율에는 유의미한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 종합적으로, 연구 1과 2의 결과는 외국인 노동자를 포함한 다문화 이주민 집단에 대한 개인의 정서 변화에 인지적 재평가를 통한 정서조절이 다양한 정서 중 동정심 변화에 단기적으로 긍정적 영향을 줄 수 있다는 점을 시사한다.

keywords: 집단 갈등, 다문화 집단, 이주민, 정서조절, 정서, 인지적 재평가, Group conflict, multicultural group, immigrants, emotion regulation, emotion, cognitive reappraisal

Abstract

In the era of multicultural society, one of the social issues in Korea is hatred toward immigrants. This study suggested emotion regulation as a way to resolve this issue and investigated the effect of emotion regulation on changing emotions toward immigrants. In study 1, 236 participants completed online survey in which emotion regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal, emotion suppression) and emotional experiences (sympathy, fear, hostility, and anger) toward immigrant workers were asked. Results showed that when age, gender, right-wing authoritarianism, and hostile attribution bias were controlled, sympathy was explained by cognitive reappraisal and emotion suppression. In addition, hostility was explained by emotion suppression. Study 2 was designed to investigate the effect of training on the change of emotional experience toward immigrants. In the training session, participants exercised cognitive reappraisal for 15 minutes upon the exposure to a series of emotion-eliciting pictures. Participants in control group were instructed to accept aroused emotions as it is for the same time amount of time. Participants completed three times of emotion ratings including post-training session (Time 1) and two times of online follow-up sessions for the following two months (Times 2 and 3). Results of hierarchical linear model, in which three times of emotion ratings are entered as within-person variables and group conditions as a between-person variable, showed that training group (n = 27) reported higher sympothy than the control (n = 27). The changing rate in the sympathy across times did not differ across groups. The results suggest the potential of short-term effect of cognitive reappraisal training in reducing negative emotions toward immigrants in Korea.

keywords: 집단 갈등, 다문화 집단, 이주민, 정서조절, 정서, 인지적 재평가, Group conflict, multicultural group, immigrants, emotion regulation, emotion, cognitive reappraisal

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논문 상세

Vol.32 No.3

정서조절을 통한 다문화 이주민에 대한 정서 변화

Emotion change toward multicultural immigrants through emotion regulation

초록

Abstract

참고문헌

한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격