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ISSN : 1229-0653

논문 상세

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논문 투고

Vol.33 No.3
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다양한 경험이 외집단에 대한 태도에 미치는 영향: 인지적 유연성의 매개효과를 중심으로

The effect of diverse experiences on prejudice against outgroup: The mediating role of cognitive flexibility

한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격 / Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, (P)1229-0653;
2019, v.33 no.3, pp.1-20
https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2019.33.3.001
김영주 (서강대학교)
나진경 (서강대학교)
김영주, & 나진경. (2019). 다양한 경험이 외집단에 대한 태도에 미치는 영향: 인지적 유연성의 매개효과를 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 33(3), 1-20, https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2019.33.3.001
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초록

기존 연구에 의하면 다양한 경험은 창의성을 증가시키거나 집단 간 편향을 감소시키는 것 같은 긍정적인 결과와 관련 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 하지만 이런 효과는 주로 해외 거주 경험 같이 외국과 인종 측면에 국한된 다양한 경험의 영향을 검증하였기 때문에, 외국 문화에 대한 경험이 필수 요소인지는 확실히 알 수 없다. 따라서 본 연구는 해외 문화 측면과 관련 없이도 성장하면서 겪은 다양한 경험 자체의 속성이 외집단(본 연구에서는 동남아인)에 대한 부정적 태도를 감소시키는 효과가 있을지 알아보고, 이 효과가 인지적 유연성을 통해 매개되는지를 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 한국 대학생을 대상으로 두 개의 연구를 진행하였다. 연구 1의 결과, 실험을 통해 전공이 다른 학생과 상호작용 하는 상황을 점화하면 동남아인에 대한 우호적인 태도가 증가하였다. 연구 2에서는 참가자들이 성장 과정에서 경험한 다양성을 보고하도록 하였다. 이때 다양한 경험이 해외 문화 경험에 국한되지 않는다는 점을 강조하여 다양성 경험을 측정하였다. 분석 결과, 다양한 경험의 빈도는 동남아인에 대한 긍정적 태도와 정적 관계를 보였으며, 이 관계는 인지적 유연성을 통해 매개되었다. 또한 이 관계는 해외 문화 경험 및 동남아인을 접촉해본 경험을 통제했을 때도 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과는 기존에 확인되었던 다양한 경험의 긍정적 효과는 해외 문화 경험과 독립적일 수 있음을 시사한다. 논의에서는 연구결과가 갖는 함의와 제한점을 검토하였다.

keywords
diverse experiences, minority group, intergroup biases, stereotypes, cognitive flexibility, 다양한 경험, 소수 집단, 집단 간 편향, 고정관념, 인지적 유연성

Abstract

Previous research demonstrated that multicultural experiences can generate beneficial outcomes such as reduced intergroup biases. However, those effects of diverse experiences were largely limited to diverse experiences involving foreign cultures such as living abroad. We proposed that diverse experiences would still be associated with positive attitudes toward outgroup even when the nature of the experiences is not related to foreign cultures. We also suggested that the relation between diverse experiences and positive attitudes would be mediated by cognitive flexibility. Result of study 1 revealed that participants who were asked to think about interactions with classmates with other majors than their own showed more favorable attitudes toward a negatively stereotyped group in Korea (i.e., Southeast Asians) than those who were asked to think about interactions with classmates with the same major. In study 2, we showed that broadly defined diverse experiences were associated with positive attitudes toward Southeast Asians. Moreover, this association was mediated by cognitive flexibility. Finally, these relations persisted even when controlling for foreign-related variables, such as living abroad and experience to contact outgroup member. Taken together, the results suggest that those with diverse experiences may become cognitively flexible and overcome intergroup biases regardless of how much they have experiences relating to foreign cultures.

keywords
diverse experiences, minority group, intergroup biases, stereotypes, cognitive flexibility, 다양한 경험, 소수 집단, 집단 간 편향, 고정관념, 인지적 유연성

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